Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and organic extracts fromDictyopteris membranacea

Abstract

Aqueous and organic extracts from Dictyopteris membranacea collected from the Tunisian Mediterranean coast were studied for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial activities. All extracts had high anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assays in Wistar rats, and their effects are comparable to acetylsalicylate lysine (300 mg kg-1, applied intraperitoneally) used as a reference drug. Dictyopteris membranacea extracts had inhibition percentages in the third hour of the assay of 65% at a dose of 100 mg kg-1, 51% at a dose of 50 mg kg-1, and 49% at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 in aqueous, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging with IC50 values (0.089±0.01 and 0.11±0.02 mg ml-1, respectively) equivalent to the activity of a powerful antioxidant standard, Trolox (IC50=0.09±0.02 mg ml-1). These extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate) had reducing activity, and the total phenol contents were: 84.96 and 60.96 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram dried sample, respectively. Organic extracts had moderate antimicrobial activity (using the disc diffusion method) against three bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus, and four species of a fungal genus: Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis and C. kefyr at 10 mg per disc, whereas the aqueous extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against only Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes.

Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

“…Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 summarize the results of studies on phenolic potential of different brown algae species of different geographical origin: Algeria [39], Australia [28,40,41,42], Brazil [43], China [44,45], Denmark [46], France [47,48,49,50], Iceland [51], India [12,37], Iran [52], Ireland [53,54,55,56,57,58], Japan [59,60,61,62], Korea [63], Lebanon [64], Malaysia [65,66,67], New Zealand [42], Portugal [50], South Korea [68], Spain [69,70,71,72,73], Thailand [74,75], and Tunisia [4,76,77]. The investigated species belong to different orders: Desmarestiales (1 species), Dictyotales (12 species), Ectocarpales (1 species), Fucales (42 species), Laminariales (14 species), Sphacelariales (3 species), and Tilopteridales (1 species).…”

“…Chakraborty et al [78] reported the lowest yield of phenolics in hexane extracts of Turbinaria conoides and Turbinaria ornata same as Otero et al [73] in Laminaria ochroleuca extracts. Relatively high content of total phenols was also detected in algal ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts [58,76,77,78]. As PHT are polar compounds, the exteremly high results for phenolic content obtained for extracts prepared using non-polar or low-polar solvents could be questionable especially because the widelspread Folin–Ciocalteu method is non-specific so the reagent could be affected and/or reduced by many interfering substances (e.g., sugars, proteins, aromatic amines, or organic acids).…”

Macroalgal species composition and seasonal variation in biomass on Udo, Jeju Island, Korea

“…Furthermore, the pharmaceutical industry is investigating the use of seaweed polysaccharides to develop better and safer drugs with fewer side effects than synthetic drugs (Athukorala et al 2007). Marine algae have been explored as a resource for treating various medical conditions due to their antihypertensive, antioxidant, antibiotic, and antiinflammatory properties (Aoun et al 2010, Tierney et al 2010. Despite the vast potential ben-mate the annual productivity of the macroalgal community, and (3) to determine the ecological characteristics that are useful for evaluating the ecological health of the macroalgal community prior to any increase in sewage volume.…”

Antibacterial Use of Macroalgae Compounds against Foodborne Pathogens

“…The most studied species are brown algae, followed by the red and finally the green algae. As it can be seen in Table 1 , brown algae [ 28 , 50 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ] promoted inhibition growth zones larger than 15 mm diameter, allowing the antibacterial activity categorization of intermediate or susceptible. Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values ranging from 7.5 mg/L to 0.16 mg/L were achieved when an acetone-based crude extract of Cutleria multifida was used [ 42 ].…”

“…growth. Experiments made with D. membranacea (extracted in H 2 O) [ 59 ] and C. glomerata (extracted in EtOH) [ 50 ] led to inhibition halos of intermediate diameter ( Table 4 ). On the other hand, the brown alga species Laminaria digitata, Laminaria saccharina, H. elongata and the red algae Palmaria palmata, a seaweed rich in tannins, phenolics and flavonoids, were able to suppress the Listeria sp.…”