Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Ethanolic Extract

Abstract

Tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) (ELJ) is a plant in the Simaroubaceae family. Its roots are used in traditional Thai medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and fever; however, the antiulcer abilities of its ethanolic extract have not been studied. This study examined the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, and gastroprotective effects of ethanolic ELJ extract in animal models and found that ELJ effectively reduced EPP-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner and that a high dose of ELJ inhibited carrageenan-induced hind paw edema formation. In cotton-pellet-induced granuloma formation, a high dose of ELJ suppressed the increases in wet granuloma weight but not dry or transudative weight. In the formalin-induced nociception study, ELJ had a significant dose-dependent inhibitory impact. Additionally, the study found that yeast-induced hyperthermia could be significantly reduced by antipyretic action at the highest dose of ELJ. In all the gastric ulcer models induced by chemical substances or physical activity, ELJ extracts at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg also effectively prevented gastric ulcer formation. In the pyloric ligation model, however, the effects of ELJ extract on gastric volume, gastric pH, and total acidity were statistically insignificant. These findings support the current widespread use of Eurycoma longifolia Jack in traditional medicine, suggest the plant’s medicinal potential for development of phytomedicines with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic properties, and support its use in the treatment of gastric ulcers due to its gastroprotective properties.

Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Chondroprotective Activities of Siraitia grosvenorii Residual Extract

“…NHGRE showed a good inhibitory effect on the tested enzymes, with an IC 50 = 62.00 µg/mL for COX-1, 82.33 µg/mL for COX-2, and 270.95 µg/mL for 5-LOX. The carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model is suitable for the evaluation of the effects of anti-inflammatory agents; it has been frequently used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of natural products [22]. In this study, NHGRE treatment at 200 mg/kg significantly inhibited paw oedema formation in rats 5 h after carrageenan injection.…”

Plant-Derived Natural Products and Their Biomedical Properties: Recent Advances and Future Directions

“…The oral administration of a high dose of ELJ (1200 mg/kg) in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema showed a similar anti-antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity to aspirin (300 mg/kg) and reduced the rectal temperature of yeast-infected rats, suggesting central antipyretic effects. Finally, in the same animal model, treated with acidified ethanol for the development of gastric ulcers, different ELJ extract doses prevented gastric ulcer formation, demonstrating its gastroprotective properties [5].…”

“…Interestingly, the levels of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly after treatment with JT extract and showed similar levels to those achieved after treatment with orlistat, a common medicine used in obesity management [4]. Another study on rats investigated the gastroprotective effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (ELJ), a popular traditional herbal medicine of Southeast Asia [5]. The oral administration of a high dose of ELJ (1200 mg/kg) in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema showed a similar anti-antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity to aspirin (300 mg/kg) and reduced the rectal temperature of yeast-infected rats, suggesting central antipyretic effects.…”

Exploring the therapeutic potential of ethanol extract of Erythrina fusca Lour. roots as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent in experimental animals

“…Fungi contain various proteins linked to fever https://plantsciencetoday.online through the synthesis of diverse fever-inducing cytokines, interleukins, and prostaglandin intermediates. Inhibiting prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, achieved by reducing cyclooxygenase enzyme activity, may contribute to antipyretic effects (22). REEF at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg exhibits significant antipyretic effects in mice (Table 5 and Fig.…”