Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extract of Hemigraphis alternata leaves in mice

Abstract

Background: The study was designed to investigate the qualitative phytochemical constituents and evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrhoeal activities of methanol (MHAL) and ethyl acetate (EAHAL) extract of Hemigraphis alternata leaves in Swiss albino mice. Methods: Qualitative phytochemical constituents of MHAL and EAHAL were determined by different tests such as Molisch's test, Fehling test, Mayer's test, Frothing test, FeCl 3 test, Alkali test, Salkowski's test, Keller-killiani test and CuSO 4 test. In addition, Xylene induced-ear edema test and Cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation test had been performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, Formalin-induced paw licking test, Acetic acid-induced writhing tests and Castor oil induced antidiarrheal test had been performed to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-diarrhoeal activities respectively. Results: These crude extracts were figured the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, triterpenoids, fat and fixed oils. No mortality, behavioral changes or sign of any toxicity were observed up to the dose as high as 4000 mg/kg in mice. During anti-inflammatory test, MHAL 400 mg/kg and EAHAL 200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg were significantly reduced ear weight differences and granuloma formation in mice. Highest percentage inhibition was offered by EAHAL 400 mg/kg dose (35.15 ± 11.78% and 34.76 ± 11.30%) in both anti-inflammatory tests respectively. In anti-nociceptive experiments, all extracts were significantly reduced paw licking and abdominal writhing of mice. Highest percentage inhibition was offered by EAHAL 400 mg/kg dose (88.21 ± 2.23% and 54.00 ± 2.38%) in both anti-nociceptive tests respectively. In addition, both extracts were showed significant inhibition of percentage of diarrhea in anti-diarrhoeal models except EAHAL 200 mg/kg dose and the apex percentage inhibition is offered by MHAL 400 mg/kg dose (67.73 ± 5.77%). Conclusion: These results confirm that the leaves extract of Hemigraphis alternata are nontoxic and may provide a source of plant compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrhoeal activities.

Acute Oral Toxicity and Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts ofPiliostigma thonningii(Schumach.)

“…Inflammation is the wellspring of symptoms elicited by maladies affecting the body. It is a multifaceted biological response by vascular tissues to injurious stimuli like pathogens, damaged cells, physical and chemical assaults, as well as immunological responses [ 25 ]. As far as humankind and health are concerned, understanding of inflammation and associated processes has been a major conundrum [ 26 ].…”

A comprehensive multi-directional exploration of phytochemicals and bioactivities of flower extracts from Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf., Cassia fistula L. and Lagerstroemia speciosa L.

“…Analgesic activity was evaluated by the test of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid in mice as described previously [ 37 ]. A total of fourty Swiss albino mice was taken in each test and fasted for 18 h with free access to water.…”

Contemporary Strategies and Current Trends in Designing Antiviral Drugs against Dengue Fever via Targeting Host-Based Approaches

“…Asunaprevir [192] and salidroside [191], extracts from Uncaria tomentosa , Norantea brasiliensis Choisy, Uncaria guianensis [196,197], promyelocytic leukemia protein intrinsic, Ivermectin [198], extracts from Cissampelos pareira Linn [198], and BST2/tetherin [199] are some of natural products that have advantages over synthetic drug design [207] and also tested as DENV inhibitors. Interferon type I [129], human heme oxygenase I, purinergic receptor P2X7 [195], and helicase with zinc linger 2 [194] are other examples of DENV inhibitors that have been experimentally studied to ascertain their dependence on host immunity, inflammation, pathogenesis of disease, and other disease progress factors (Table 1).…”