Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia

Abstract

Context: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation. Objectives: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time. Materials and methods: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC50 values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract. Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC50 of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended.

Physical and Tensile Properties of Handmade Sida rhombifolia Paper

“…is plant is available in almost of all the ten regions of Cameroon. Many authors present Sida rhombifolia as a plant with extraordinary medical properties [6][7][8], notably extracts from stems, leaves, and roots. Unfortunately, in the absence of a local pharmaceutical industry exploiting these extracts, it was impossible for us to work with waste.…”

Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Four Medicinal Plants of Malvaceae Used in Indian Traditional Medicines: A Review

“…Aqueous extract of calyx of H. sabdariffa shows antispasmodic effect in muscle preparations, e.g., rabbit aortic strip, rat uterus and rat diaphragm [ 174 ]. In S. rhombifolia , n-hexane extract of whole plant showed has strong anti-cholinesterase activity, thus suggesting its anticholinergic role [ 232 ].…”

CARACTERIZAÇÃO ANATÔMICA E HISTOQUÍMICA DA LÂMINA FOLIAR DE SIDA rhombifolia L.

“…Com relação às suas atividades farmacológicas, a maioria dos estudos avaliaram extratos obtidos das partes aéreas de S. rhombifolia. Foram descritas na literatura atividades anti-inflamatória (KUMAR;MISHRA, 1997;RAHMAN et al, 2011;MAH; TEH; EE, 2017); anti-artrite (GUPTA et al, 2009); antimicrobiana (ISLAM;HAQUE;MOSADDIK, 2003;ASSAM et al, 2010); antituberculose (PAPITHA et al, 2011; MAH; TEH; EE, 2017), anticolinesterase (MAH; TEH; EE, 2017) e hepatoprotetora (KUMAR;MISHRA, 1997).…”