Anti‐inflammatory and pro‐regenerative effects of a monoterpene glycoside on experimental periodontitis in a rat model of diabetes

Abstract

ObjectivePaeoniflorin (Pae) is a monoterpene glycoside with immune‐regulatory effects. Several studies have already demonstrated the impact of Pae on periodontitis, but its effect on diabetic periodontitis is unclear. In this study, our aim was to test the hypothesis that Pae had a strong anti‐inflammatory effect that prevented bone loss in diabetic periodontitis.MethodsThirty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into control (healthy, n = 10), periodontitis (PD) + diabetes (DM; n = 10), and PD + DM + Pae (n = 10) groups. Ligature‐induced periodontitis was created by placing 4–0 silk ligatures around the lower first molars on both sides of the mandibulae. Experimental DM was created via an injection of 50 mg/kg and streptozotocin (STZ). Hyperglycemia was confirmed by the blood glucose levels of rats (>300 mg/dL). The bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and bone loss were measured by micro‐CT. The expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were measured in tissue homogenates by ELISA.ResultsThe PD + DM + Pae group had significantly less alveolar crest resorption when compared to the PD + DM group. There was also a significant difference between the PD + DM + Pae group compared to PD + DM group in trabecular thickness, BMD, and the number of trabeculae. Pae application led to a statistically significant decrease in IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels in diabetic periodontitis.ConclusionSystemic application of Pae suppressed inflammation caused by PD and DM, leading to reduced bone loss and enhanced bone quality.

From Basic Science to Clinical Practice: A Review of Current Periodontal/Mucogingival Regenerative Biomaterials

“…[282] In recent years, researchers found that medications, and especially host modulators, show great potential in resolving or inhibiting the periodontal inflammatory process, particularly in the early phases of periodontitis combined with nonsurgical periodontal treatment. [283][284][285][286][287][288][289] These host modulators include statins like atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin, as well as alendronate and metformin. [80,89,92,95,96,98,99,105,[290][291][292][293][294][295][296] Statins exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties while inhibiting osteoclasts and stimulating bone morphogenetic proteins.…”