Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of sanguinarine following cerebral ischemia in rats

Abstract

Abstract. Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Protective agents that can diminish injuries caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) are important in alleviating the harmful outcomes of stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of sanguinarine in cerebral I/R injury. A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used to assess the clinical effect of sanguinarine, and inflammatory cytokines in the serum were detected by ELISA. Western blotting was performed to examine the change in levels of apoptosis-associated proteins in the injured brains. The results suggested that sanguinarine, an anti-inflammatory agent derived from the roots of Sanguinaria canadensis, improved the state of cerebral ischemia in a rat model. The data demonstrated that when rats were treated with sanguinarine prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion, the infarct volume was reduced significantly. The inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were measured in sanguinarine and vehicle-treated groups using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression levels of the three factors were significantly reduced following treatment with sanguinarine (P<0.05). In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2/Bcl-2-associated X protein was significantly increased following treatment with sanguinarine (P<0.05). The study demonstrated that sanguinarine exerts a protective effect in cerebral ischemia, and that this effect is associated with the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties of sanguinarine.

The interrelationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma: a comprehensive study of recent reports

“…The beneficial effect of HBO therapy varies with the tumor type, size of the lesion, and malignancy. [304][305][306] Several drugs, e.g., sanguinarine, [307][308][309] glycyrrhizin, 310 piroxicam, [311][312][313] salidroside, [314][315][316] astragaloside, 317,318 and others, [319][320][321][322] are used in both glioma and ischemia treatment due to the counteracting effect of common signaling pathways.…”

Molecular Determinants of Sensitivity or Resistance of Cancer Cells Toward Sanguinarine

“…Thus, it is not a coincidence that a prototypical proinflammatory protein such as NF-κB appeared as a presumable master regulator of transcription of genes recognized in microarray-based transcriptomic mRNA expression data. Recently, Wang et al, proved that sanguinarine as anti-inflammatory agent prevented cerebral stroke in vivo via downregulation of the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (Wang et al, 2017 ). Moreover, other genes from diverse functional groups appeared in our analysis, such as signal transducers promoting cancer growth ( CD53, RAB33A, GNA11, CANX, OCRL, GIPC1 , and SOS1 ), microtubule formation ( KIF21B ) and cell migration ( ASAP2 ).…”

Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

“…A number of studies have shown the therapeutic potential of SNG over a range of human pathological and toxicological conditions including cancer; for example, lung cancer [25], cervical cancer [26], gastric cancer [27,28], liver cancer [29,30], multiple myeloma [19], acute lymphoblastic leukemia [31], prostate cancer [32], colorectal cancer [33], ovary cancer [34] and pancreatic cancer [35]. Recently Achkar et al [36] extensively reviewed the anticancer features of SNG and, additionally, antioxidant/anti-inflammatory [37][38][39], antifungal [40,41], antibacterial [42,43], anthelmintic [44] and other pharmacological activities of SNG have also been reported. SNG has been shown to suppress stemness of pancreatic cancer stem cells [45] and, interestingly, also to exert anticarcinogenic potential via modulating expression and functioning of noncoding RNAs [28,34].…”