Anti-Inflammatory and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation Properties of Jinxiang Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Polysaccharides toward Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis

Abstract

Garlic polysaccharides are great potential agents because of their anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immunomodulation properties. However, few studies have reported their anti-inflammatory effects on improving the colon system and corresponding intestinal microbiota. Herein, a water-soluble garlic polysaccharide (WSGP) was extracted from Jinxiang garlic to evaluate its effects on ameliorating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model. The results showed that (1) after administration of the WSGP (200 or 400 mg/kg/day), the feed intake, body weight, and colon length of colitic mice were increased, while the disease activity index and the histological score of colitic mice were decreased; (2) the WSGP reduced the colonic tissue damage and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin 6, interleukin 1 beta , and tumor necrosis factor alpha); and (3) the WSGP enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids and improved the composition of intestinal microbiota. The key microorganisms, including Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Mucispirillum, Helicobacter, Ruminococcus_1, and Ruminiclostridium_5, were identified to be associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. Taken together, this study proved that WSGP supplementation could alleviate DSS-induced colitis by improving mucosal barriers, blocking proinflammatory cytokines, and modulating gut microbiota.

Beneficial Effects of Organosulfur Compounds from Allium cepa on Gut Health: A Systematic Review

“…In the second study referred, PTSO supplementation modulated the GM composition in broiler chickens and also improved the nutrient digestibility without affecting activity of mucosal enzymes [71]. Similar results were obtained in another assay with broilers [82], where a significant bactericidal effect of PTSO against enterobacteria, coliforms, E. coli, C. jejuni and Salmonella, both in vitro and in vivo, was revealed.…”

“…In another recent study, dietary supplementation with a polysaccharide from Jinxiang garlic alleviated colitis in mice. The treated animals showed an improvement in the structure of the intestinal mucosa, and, in addition, the blocking of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed [82]. We have not found any other systematic review linking OSCs to gut health or GM, except a systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated solely the use of allicin as a complementary therapy for H. pylori infection and whose efficacy was evaluated in randomized controlled trials [83].…”

Adzuki Bean Alleviates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice

“…Prevotellaceae can reduce endothelial permeability, prevent the host from being exposed to endotoxins, and promote the improvement of intestinal function [61]. Ruminococcus_1, which promotes the production of SCFAs, is beneficial to the growth of epithelial cells [62]. Increasing levels of SCFAs reduce the pH value of the colon, thereby preventing the overgrowth of pathogens, which is conducive to intestinal health [63].…”

Fermented and Germinated Processing Improved the Protective Effects of Foxtail Millet Whole Grain Against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in C57BL/6 Mice

“…Unlike Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella , the genera Allobaculum, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, Mucispirillum , and Dubosiella could not be classified as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory bacteria. Taking the genus Mucispirillum as an example, it was identified to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease ( 43 ) or other inflammatory diseases ( 44 ), whereas it was also reported to be related to a healthier state of gut microbiota ( 45 ). These seemingly contradictory conclusions also reflect the complexity of gut microbiota structure and function.…”