Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Modulatory Effects of Synbio-Glucan in an Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model

Abstract

Many trials have been conducted to treat atopic dermatitis (AD), but these therapies are generally unsuccessful because of their insufficiency or side effects. This study examined the efficacy of β-glucan derived from oats with fermented probiotics (called Synbio-glucan) on an AD-induced mouse model. For the experiment, Nc/Nga mice were exposed to a house dust mite extract (HDM) to induce AD. The mice were placed in one of four groups: positive control group, Synbio-glucan topical treatment group, Synbio-glucan dietary treatment group, and Synbio-glucan topical + dietary treatment group. The experiment revealed no significant difference in the serum IgE concentration among the groups. Serum cytokine antibody arrays showed that genes related to the immune response were enriched. A significant difference in the skin lesion scores was observed between the groups. Compared to the control group tissue, skin lesions were alleviated in the Synbio-glucan topical treatment group and Synbio-glucan dietary treatment group. Interestingly, almost normal structures were observed within the skin lesions in the Synbio-glucan topical + dietary treatment group. Overall, the β-glucan extracted from oats and fermented probiotic mixture is effective in treating atopic dermatitis.

Application of a Synbio-Glucan Functional Spray for Canine Atopic Dermatitis

“…Therefore, there was a need to develop a therapeutic agent with better efficacy and fewer side effects. In an earlier study, we confirmed the efficacy of Synbio-glucan composed of β-glucan and probiotics on an AD mouse model (25). This study evaluated the efficacy of a functional spray composed of Synbio-glucan, distilled water, glycerin, solubilizer, and 40% alcohol for the effective management of AD in dog patients.…”

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Aptamin C on House Dust Mite Extract-Induced Inflammation in Keratinocytes via Regulation of IL-22 and GDNF Production

“…The causes of AD vary widely, and can include both genetic and environmental factors [39,40]. HDM is an environmental factor frequently associated with the development of AD, but few studies to date have analyzed substances that regulate the development of HDM-associated AD [4,11,41]. Our previous study showed that treatment with HDM extract increases IL-22Rα expression and TARC production by T cells, as well as enhances IL-22 production and migration by T cells [4,42,43].…”

“…Keratinocytes are involved in birth immunity, as they form the skin barrier, while releasing a variety of cytokines, such as IL-1α and IL-6, which play important roles in inducing immune responses in the skin [28,49]. HDM extract-mediated induction of excess inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α and IL-6, by keratinocytes can lead to serious inflammatory responses in the skin [4,11,28,49]. Therefore, Aptamin C-mediated inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation not only regulates inflammatory responses in the skin through the suppression of increased production of IL-1α and IL-6, but also through the direct suppression of the production of these cytokines by keratinocytes.…”

“…IL-22R consists of IL-22Rα and IL-10Rβ, with an increase in IL-22Rα expression, which is regarded as a hallmark of inflammation, especially in the skin [26,51]. HDM extract increases IL-22Rα expression on keratinocytes [4,11,46]. Moreover, IL-22Rα is closely involved in inflammatory processes in the skin through interaction with IL-22, the expression of which by T cells is enhanced by HDM extract (4).…”

“…IL-22 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced mainly by CD4 + T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, but it also has anti-inflammatory functions [6][7][8]. IL-22 levels in the skin of AD patients is higher than that in controls, and its production is increased by HDM [9][10][11]. Treatment with IL-22 plus HDM extract induces the production of IL-6, an inflammatory cytokine produced by peripheral blood T cells, in AD patients [4,12,13].…”