Anti-inflammatory and detoxification activities of some Ipomoea species determined by ion channel inhibition and their phytochemical constituents

Abstract

To get more scientific information to support the medicinal uses of Ipomoea batatas, I. carnea, and I. pescaprae, phytochemical constituent analysis, toxicity and detoxification testing on normal and poisoned human cells, and ion channel inhibition using VGSCs, VGKCs and hERG channel were investigated. GC-MS and HPLC analysis were used for phytochemical screening and measuring the major compounds in 100 g leaf samples, which were 53.15-1446.93 mg oleamide in I. batatas -I. pes-caprae, 1.51-59.57 mg phytol in I. batatas -I. pes-caprae, and 39.04 mg α-amyrin and 8.09 mg β-amyrin in I. pes-caprae. The MTT assay showed no IC 50 value, and the comet assay revealed insignificant DNA damages (p > 0.05) on normal PBMCs. Detoxification efficacy for rice whisky-and herbicide-exposed cells was tested, and higher cell viability percentages were shown when the poisoned cells were treated with I. carnea and I. pes-caprae extracts compared with negative control. The hexane and acetonitrile extracts of I. batatas, I. carnea, and I. pes-caprae inhibited the VGSCs (Na v 1.6 and 1.8) and VGKCs (K v 1.1 and K v 10.1) channels, but not the hERG channel. The overall results indicated that the pharmacological activities of the studied plant extracts allowed them to be used as an excellent analgesic, an early marker in tumor formation useful for diagnosis and therapy of tumors, and treatments of poison and drug addiction, in addition to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities. The plants can be used in daily human life with good cardiac safety and low risk for hERG inhibition.

Screening of phytochemicals, toxicities, and activities of three Dillenia species

“…In addition to the β-sitosterol substance contained in the Dillenia species, there were high quantities of oleamide percentage-wise as elucidated by the GC-MS method. However, HPLC was used for the amount and concentration measurements and showed oleamide at 1.01 mg/g plant sample and 0.326 mg/mL, 1.12 mg/g plant sample and 0.374 mg/mL, and 1.17 mg/g plant sample and 0.262 mg/mL in D. indica, D. obovata, and D. pentagyna, respectively (7). The role of oleamide in human body is very important, such as stressreducing, memory improvement used for Alzheimer's, inducing deep sleep, improving appetite, and as an antiinflammatory without toxicity (7,8,9,16).…”

“…However, HPLC was used for the amount and concentration measurements and showed oleamide at 1.01 mg/g plant sample and 0.326 mg/mL, 1.12 mg/g plant sample and 0.374 mg/mL, and 1.17 mg/g plant sample and 0.262 mg/mL in D. indica, D. obovata, and D. pentagyna, respectively (7). The role of oleamide in human body is very important, such as stressreducing, memory improvement used for Alzheimer's, inducing deep sleep, improving appetite, and as an antiinflammatory without toxicity (7,8,9,16). When plants contain vital phytochemicals, the combined mixture needs to be examined in terms of toxicity, both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.…”

“…Also, the two substances β-sitosterol and oleamide are important in human body function. Oleamide is a protective agent against scopolamineinduced memory loss and has been suggested to be useful as a preventive agent against Alzheimer's disease, insomnia, loss of appetite, inflammation, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, arthritis, and cancer (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). β-sitosterol is as important to health as oleamide; it possesses various biological actions such as anxiolytic and sedative effects, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, lipidlowering effect, hepatoprotective, protective effect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and respiratory diseases, wound healing effect, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities (12).…”