Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Schisandra chinensis Leaf Extracts and Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats and Acetic Acid-Induced Writhing in Mice

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Schisandra chinensis leaf extracts (SCLE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, an acetic acid-induced mouse model of writhing, and a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, a 100 µg/mL dose of SCLE significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Acetic acid-induced writhing responses in mice that quantitatively determine pain were significantly inhibited by SCLE treatment. In addition, SCLE significantly decreased the MIA-induced elevation in OA symptoms, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators/cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, and cartilage damage in the serum and joint tissues. Our data demonstrated that SCLE exerts anti-osteoarthritic effects by regulating inflammation and pain and can be a useful therapeutic candidate against OA.

Schisandra extract ameliorates arthritis pathogenesis by suppressing the NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways

“…In addition, several studies have shown that Schisandrin A and B can inhibit cartilage degradation by inhibiting the NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathway 37,38 . Other studies have shown that the Schisandra leaf extract blocks inflammatory effects and could be useful for treating OA 22,23 . In the present study, oral administration of the Schisandra extract protected against cartilage breakdown in a DMM mouse model of OA.…”

“…Recent studies have shown that the extracts of Schisandra possess biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and anti‐inflammatory activities 21 . In addition, studies have reported that the Schisandra leaf extract relieves pain and inflammation in a rat model of OA 22,23 …”

“…21 In addition, studies have reported that the Schisandra leaf extract relieves pain and inflammation in a rat model of OA. 22,23 Schisandra is composed of several single compounds, one of which is schisandrol A, which is known to exert various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic and antiallergic effects. 24 Previous studies have shown that schisandrol A suppresses pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g.…”

Spectasterols, Aromatic Ergosterols with 6/6/6/5/5, 6/6/6/6, and 6/6/6/5 Ring Systems from Aspergillus spectabilis

“…The activation of NF-κB could induce the expression of major pro-inflammatory mediators of COX-2, which may result in oxidative stress . As shown in Figure C, the COX-2 expression was extremely low in the control group, and when cells were stimulated by LPS, the expression level in inflammatory cells can be increased to tens of times as compared to the control group.…”

Evaluation of the anti-fatigue activity of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides

“…As a medicinal and food product, schisandra is mostly used in the eld of medicine. In some recent studies, it has been found that lignans, the active ingredients in a variety of schisandra seeds, have superior neuroprotective, hepatic and renal cellular and in ammation-relieving effects [14][15][16][17], while polysaccharides have strong antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hypoglycaemic and lipid-lowering properties [18][19][20][21][22]. Multiple effects give Schisandra a wide range of applications.To our best knowledge, few researches concerning the potential anti-fatigue property of Schisandra chinensis were published yet.…”