Anti-inflammatory agents to treat or prevent type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease

Esser, Nathalie; Paquot, Nicolas; Scheen, André

doi:10.1517/13543784.2015.974804

Cited by 221 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…TNF was one of the first inflammatory molecules shown to play a role in metabolic disease (211). Targeting this pathway in preclinical models proved successful (212)(213)(214)(215)(216)(217)(218)(219)(220)(221)(222)(223)(224)(225)(226)(227)(228), although comprehensive human studies are lacking, and the existing limited studies have reported both failures and successes in humans (229). The limitations of the human studies with existing anti-cytokine reagents were recently reviewed in an excellent article (230).…”

Section: Bioactive Lipids and Regulation Of Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid signaling and lipotoxicity in metaflammation: indications for metabolic disease pathogenesis and treatment

Ertunc¹,

Hotamışlıgil

2016

Journal of Lipid Research

377

250

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The term "lipid" is used to identify a large set of hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules such as free fatty acids, sterols, fatty acid esters, and phospholipids. These molecules are involved in forming fundamental structures in cells and tissues, providing energy for the metabolic needs of organisms, and regulating several homeostatic processes within and outside of cells, including organelle homeostasis, immune function, inter-organ communication, energy metabolism, and cell survival. However, when the balance in their metabolism and composition is altered by environmental or metabolic stress, lifestyle, and genetic or epigenetic factors, lipids can also become critical components of pathophysiological cascades that are detrimental to healthy cell and tissue function. Hence, although lipids play fundamental physiological roles, in excess or in improper composition, they can be highly damaging, leading to organelle dysfunction, cell death, chronic inflammation, and disturbances in energy and substrate metabolism and survival responses. In this review, we primarily focus on the roles of lipid classes that regulate immune responses and signaling mechanisms, which perpetuate a vicious cycle of metabolic and inflammatory disturbances leading to disease. , arginase 2-deficient; ATGL, adipose triglyceride lipase; BAT, brown adipose tissue; DAG, diacylglycerol; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FAHFA, fatty acid hydroxy fatty acid; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; GPR120, G protein-coupled receptor 120; iNKT, invariant natural killer T; iNOS, induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); LD, lipid droplet; LXR, liver X receptor; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NKT, natural killer T; PKC, protein kinase C; PKR, protein kinase R; ROS, reactive oxygen species; snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA; TLR4, tolllike receptor 4; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Abstract Lipids encompass a wide variety of molecules

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Section: Bioactive Lipids and Regulation Of Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid signaling and lipotoxicity in metaflammation: indications for metabolic disease pathogenesis and treatment

Ertunc¹,

Hotamışlıgil

2016

Journal of Lipid Research

377

250

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“…A positive correlation between this autonomic dysfunction and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease has been established (12)(13)(14). Accordingly, lowering chronic inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance, and improving autonomic function have been proposed as therapeutic options (11,(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galantamine alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome in a randomized trial

et al. 2017

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BACKGROUND. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an obesity-driven condition of pandemic proportions that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, though inflammation has been implicated in MetS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of galantamine, a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with antiinflammatory properties, on markers of inflammation implicated in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, and other metabolic and cardiovascular indices in subjects with MetS. METHODS.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects with MetS (30 per group) received oral galantamine 8 mg daily for 4 weeks, followed by 16 mg daily for 8 weeks or placebo. The primary outcome was inflammation assessed through plasma levels of cytokines and adipokines associated with MetS. Secondary endpoints included body weight, fat tissue depots, plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL), triglycerides, BP, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV). RESULTS.Galantamine resulted in lower plasma levels of proinflammatory molecules TNF (-2.57 pg/ml [95% CI -4.96 to -0.19]; P = 0.035) and leptin (-12.02 ng/ml [95% CI -17.71 to -6.33]; P < 0.0001), and higher levels of the antiinflammatory molecules adiponectin (2.71 μg/ml [95% CI 1.93 to 3.49]; P < 0.0001) and IL-10 (1.32 pg/ml, [95% CI 0.29 to 2.38]; P = 0.002) as compared with placebo. Galantamine also significantly lowered plasma insulin and HOMA-IR values, and altered HRV.CONCLUSION. Low-dose galantamine alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance in MetS subjects. These findings support further study of galantamine in MetS therapy.

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“…The variations in the levels of immune-inflammatory factors have significant implications in the pathophysiology of various diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, fibrosis and atherosclerosis (Meyer et al 2011;Scrivo et al 2011;Ramos-Nino 2013). For these reasons, the role of inflammatory and immune markers in augmenting the therapeutic effect of drugs on chronic inflammation associated diseases (CID) has attracted the attention of researchers (Dinarello 2010;Esser et al 2014). Antiinflammatory agents such as non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are successfully used in treating CID (Elizabeth et al 2009;Ridker & Lüscher 2014); however, the long-term use of these drugs may result in damage to the gastric intestinal mucosa, heart and kidney (de Groot et al 2007), thereby limiting their usage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Carica papaya

Pandey

Cabot

Shaw

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Chronic inflammation is linked with the generation and progression of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and anti-inflammatory drugs therefore have the potential to assist in the treatment of these conditions. Carica papaya is a tropical plant that is traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments including inflammatory conditions. A literature search was conducted by using the keywords ''papaya'', ''anti-inflammatory and inflammation'' and ''immunomodulation and immune'' along with cross-referencing. Both in vitro and in vivo investigation studies were included. This is a review of all studies published since 2000 on the antiinflammatory activity of papaya extracts and their effects on various immune-inflammatory mediators. Studies on the anti-inflammatory activities of recognized phytochemicals present in papaya are also included. Although in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that papaya extracts and papaya-associated phytochemicals possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, clinical studies are lacking. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Anti-inflammatory agents to treat or prevent type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease

Cited by 221 publications

References 180 publications

Lipid signaling and lipotoxicity in metaflammation: indications for metabolic disease pathogenesis and treatment

Lipid signaling and lipotoxicity in metaflammation: indications for metabolic disease pathogenesis and treatment

Galantamine alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome in a randomized trial

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Carica papaya

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