Anti-inflammatory activity of the dietary supplement Houttuynia cordata fermentation product in RAW264.7 cells and Wistar rats

Abstract

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. has been used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments in Asian countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. In Thailand, H. cordata fermentation products (HCFPs) are commercially produced and popularly consumed throughout the country without experimental validation. Anti-inflammatory activity of H. cordata fresh leaves or aerial parts has previously been reported, however, the antiinflammatory activity of the commercially available HCFPs produced by the industrialized process has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of the selected industrialized HCFP. LPS-induced RAW264.7 and carrageenan-induced paw edema models were used to evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of HCFP. The phenolic acid components of HCFP aqueous and methanolic extracts were investigated using HPLC analysis. In RAW264.7 cells, the HCFP aqueous and methanolic extracts reduced NO production and suppressed LPS-stimulated expression of PGE 2 , iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in a concentration-dependent manner, however, less effect on COX-2 level was observed. In Wistar rats, 3.08 and 6.16 mL/kg HCFP reduced paw edema after 2 h carrageenan stimulation, suggesting the second phase anti-edematous effect similar to diclofenac (150 mg/kg). Whereas, 6.16 mL/kg HCFP also reduced paw edema after 1 h carrageenan stimulation, suggesting the first phase antiedematous effect. Quantitative HPLC revealed the active phenolic compounds including syringic, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic and ferulic acids, which possess anti-inflammatory activity. Our results demonstrated for the first time the anti-inflammatory activity of the industrialized HCFP both in vitro and in vivo, thus validating its promising anti-inflammation potential. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Woranam K, Senawong G, Utaiwat S, Yunchalard S, Sattayasai J, Senawong T (2020) Anti-inflammatory activity of the dietary supplement Houttuynia cordata fermentation product in RAW264.7 cells and Wistar rats. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0230645. https://doi.org/10.

Anti-SARS-CoV Natural Products With the Potential to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

“…In addition, the study by Lau et al (2008) identified that the extract was able to induce T cell proliferation, specifically CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in an in vitro splenic lymphocyte assay at concentrations ranging from 50-400 µg/mL (Lau et al, 2008). Woranam et al (2020) reported that aqueous and methanolic extracts prepared from the aerial parts of H. cordata, at concentrations ranging between 5-750 and 4-12 µg/mL, respectively, were able to reduce nitric oxide production in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and decreased the expression of PGE2, iNOS, IL-1b, TNF-a, and IL-6 in LPSstimulated RAW 264.7 cells (Woranam et al, 2020). Therefore, this plant should rather be considered as a potential immune modulator, as opposed to an antiviral, but further investigation is needed.…”

“… Woranam et al. (2020) reported that aqueous and methanolic extracts prepared from the aerial parts of H. cordata , at concentrations ranging between 5–750 and 4–12 µg/mL, respectively, were able to reduce nitric oxide production in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and decreased the expression of PGE2, iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells ( Woranam et al., 2020 ). Therefore, this plant should rather be considered as a potential immune modulator, as opposed to an antiviral, but further investigation is needed.…”

Evaluation of vitamin C of ethno-wild edible plants in Northeast India

“…Rhizomes/rootstalks are preferred over its leaves for making ethnic special spicy chutney with other ingredients among the folks in Manipur, whereas leaves are more popular among ethnic groups in Assam. The plant is anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory (36,37) and also used for treating measles, gonorrhoea, skin ailments, anti-tumour, pneumonia, bronchitis, stomach ulcer (38,39). While analyzing the vitamin C content on leaves and rhizomes, leaves showed higher value (24.36 ± 0.34 mg/100 g) than the rhizomatous parts (10.09 ± 0.39 mg/ 100 g).…”

Can Natural Polyphenols Help in Reducing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients?

“…The anti-inflammatory activity of Houttuynia cordata Thunb., a perennial herbaceous plant mostly distributed in East Asia, has been studied [ 61 ]. Nowadays, fresh leaves of H. cordata are considered for a high-value industrial crop in Thailand and it has been fermented with probiotic bacteria to yield a fermentation product (HCFP) commercially available.…”