Anti-inflammatory Activity of Solvent Fractions from Ginseng Berry Extract in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells

Abstract

: Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts of ginseng berry (GBE) was investigated through the evaluation of its inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory meditator, nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrocis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. GBE was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, buthanol and H 2 O, sequentially. RAW264.7 cells were induced 100 ng/㎖ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with 0, 1.6, 8, 40 and 200 ㎍/㎖ of GBE fractions. LPS-induced NO production on all of GBE fractions was inhibited with increasing added concentration of GBE fractions. Chloroform fraction of GBE was the most effective in inhibiting LPSinduced TNF-α production. Hexane, chloroform and H 2 O fractions of GBE exhibit strong inhibition LPS-induced IL-6 production. Especially, H 2 O fractions of GBE was the most effective in inhibiting LPD-induced IL-6 production without significant cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells, and reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and IkB phosphorylation. These results indicate that H 2 O fractions of GBE exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of NF-kB by inhibition of p-38 on MAPK and IkB phosphorylation.

Evaluation of Metabolite Profiles of Ginseng Berry Pomace Obtained after Different Pressure Treatments and Their Correlation with the Antioxidant Activity

“…The solvent–solvent extraction process was performed following the method described by Lim et al [ 49 ] with minor modifications. Initially, the dried methanolic extract (200 mg) of pomace was redissolved in 8 mL of deionized water.…”

Effectiveness of Ginseng Berry Marc Extract for Skin Improvement

“…were excellent, and all efficacy was increased when they were mixed (Kim & Kim, 2020). Furthermore, the prior studies' results on antioxidants (Song et al, 2014), anti-inflammatory (Lee et al, 2014), and anti-aging (Jeon et al, 2011) effects proved that ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) berry extract is a safe nontoxic material.…”

“…So, ginseng berry extract was found to have an antiinflammatory effect and relieve inflammation. Prior research revealed that the ingredients of polyphenolic substances at the ground level of ginseng fruits have a major effect on antiinflammatory efficacy rather than saponin, also contained in ginseng berry (Lee et al, 2014). Therefore, ginseng berry marc extract has an anti-inflammatory effect, being an effective cosmetic material effective in improving inflammatory skin.…”

Inhibitory effects of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng berries on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages

“…Ginseng berry polysaccharides can trigger immune responses such as immunomodulatory [30], immunostimulatory [31][32][33], anti-inflammatory [34], immunosenescence [28], anti-cancer [27,31,34], and anti-hyperglycemic [35] effects. Korean ginseng berries have anti-inflammatory effects of several active components against LPS-induced macrophages, which can decrease the production of NO, PGE 2 , and some cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) [21,26,36,37]. Anti-inflammatory effects of acidic polysaccharides in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells derived from North American ginseng roots (P. quinquefolius L.) have been reported, including reductions of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production [38].…”