Anti-inflammatory activity of Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. Ex Engl. ethanolic leaf extract

Uddin

BioMed Research International

et al. 2014

In folk medicine Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell. Arg. is used to treat muscle pain, itching, fever, rheumatic arthritis, snake bite, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive as well as the anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of leaf. The leaves were extracted with methanol following hot extraction and tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing test, xylene induced ear edema, cotton pellet induced granuloma, and tail immersion methods at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight. The presence of flavonoids, saponins, and tannins was identified in the extract. The extract exhibited considerable antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities against four classical models of pain. In acetic acid induced writhing, xylene induced ear edema, and cotton pellet granuloma models, the extract revealed dose dependent activity. Additionally, it increased latency time in tail immersion model. It can be concluded that M. repandus possesses significant antinociceptive potential. These findings suggest that this plant can be used as a potential source of new antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory candidates. The activity of methanol extract is most likely mediated through central and peripheral inhibitory mechanisms. This study justified the traditional use of leaf part of this plant.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Leaf Extract ofMallotus repandus(Willd.) Muell. Arg.

Uddin

BioMed Research International

et al. 2014

“…Xylene, a common inflammatory agent, provokes acute inflammatory response in the mouse ear, which leads to serious edematous changes of skin when applied to the surfaces of the ear [13]. The ear edema model induced by xylene has certain advantages in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory steroids as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and has good predictive values in the screening of antiphlogistic new drugs [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ear edema model induced by xylene has certain advantages in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory steroids as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and has good predictive values in the screening of antiphlogistic new drugs [13,14]. The carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema test is the most widely used primary test to evaluate new anti-inflammatory drugs [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 4-Methylcyclopentadecanone on Edema Models in Mice

et al. 2013

IJMS

The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of 4-methylcyclopentadecanone (4-MCPC) on edema models in mice and aimed to determine the safety of 4-MCPC after acute exposure. The acute toxicity of 4-MCPC was evaluated by oral administration to rats of single doses of 0, 5, 50, 500 and 5000 mg/kg. Toxic symptoms were observed for 14 days. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in xylene-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema. The animals were treated with 4-MCPC once every day for seven consecutive days. Edema index, % inhibition, IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 and MPO levels in paws were detected after the treatment with xylene or carrageenan. Our results indicated that the LD50 value of 4-MCPC in rats is greater than 5000 mg/kg. The ED50 of 4-MCPC in xylene-induced mouse ear edema model was 7.5 mg/kg. 4-MCPC (8 or 16 mg/kg) remarkably inhibited carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema. Further study revealed that 4-MCPC treatment also decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 and MPO levels in mice paws. Intragastric administration of 4-MCPC exhibited more significant anti-inflammatory activity than muscone at a dose of 16 mg/kg. Taken together, our results suggest that 4-MCPC has potent anti-inflammatory activity and the mechanisms might be related to the decreases of the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 and MPO in inflamed paws.

“…The acute inflammatory response induced by carrageenan injection involves 3 distinct phases related to the sequential release of cytokines (Ishola et al, 2011). The initial phase (0 _ 1.5 h) is mainly mediated by histamine and serotonin, while the second (Sowemimo et al, 2013). In this phase, the maximal vascular response also reaches its maximum level, which is closely associated with leukocyte migration to the inflamed area.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme (Murugan et al, 2013). In this study, the anti-inflammatory Xylene-induced ear edema in mice is a preliminary and simple animal model for evaluating potential anti-inflammatory agents, steroids as well as non-steroidal antiphlogistic agents (Sowemimo et al, 2013). Ear edema can cause an acute inflammatory response leading to severe vasodilation and edematous changes of skin partially related with phospholipase A2 (Tong et al, 2014).…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Bioactive Constituents and in vitro Antioxidant and in vivo Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extracts from the Fruits of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. cv. Jinsixiaozao Hort

Zhou

et al. 2017

FSTR

The aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. jinsixiaozao Hort (ZJMH) and its active chemical constituents. For antioxidant activity, reducing power, DPPH and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay were used. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant potential in all the models. For anti-inflammatory activity, petroleum ether extract showed the strongest inhibition (32.86%) against carrageenan-induced paw edema, which also displayed potent antiinflammatory activity against xylene-induced ear edema (41.52%). The contents of phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, anthocyanins, triterpenoid saponins of different extracts were also observed. Moreover, seven compounds were first isolated from petroleum ether extract and showed considerable anti-inflammatory activity, especially alphitolic acid and stigmasterol. The results showed that ZJMH can be a natural antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent.