Anti-inflammatory Activity of<i>Withania somnifera:</i>Possible Mode of Action

Sahni, Y. P.; Srivastava, D. N.

doi:10.1080/09712119.1993.9705964

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Withania somnifera is a medicinal plant and is recognized as an ethnopharmacological functional food with diverse pharmacological properties. In pre-clinical studies, Withania somnifera root extract and its chemical constituents have proven to be active against several biological activities, such as aphrodisiac, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-stress, anti-rheumatic, and neuroprotective [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Meanwhile, in clinical studies, WSE has been studied for insomnia, anxiety, stress, weight management, thyroid gland function, cardio-respiratory endurance, muscle strength, male and female sexual function recovery, bipolar disorders, and anti-aging activity [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic Study of Withanosides and Withanolides from Withania somnifera Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)

et al. 2022

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Withania somnifera is a traditional Indian herb described under the ‘Rasayana’ class in Ayurveda, which gained immense popularity as a dietary supplement in the USA, Europe, Asia, and the Indian domestic market. Despite enormous research on the pharmacological effect of withanosides and withanolides, bioanalytical method development and pharmacokinetics remained challenging and unexplored for these constituents due to isomeric and isobaric characteristics. In current research work, molecular descriptors, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity prediction (ADMET) of these constituents were performed using Molinspiration and admetSAR tools. A rapid, selective, and reproducible bioanalytical method was developed and validated for seven withanosides and withanolides as per USFDA/EMA guidelines, further applied to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of Withania somnifera root extract (WSE) constituents in male Sprague Dawley rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Additionally, an ex vivo permeability study was carried out to explore the absorption pattern of withanosides and withanolides from the intestinal lumen. In silico, ADMET revealed oral bioavailability of withanosides and withanolides following Lipinski’s rules of five with significant absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Upon oral administration of WSE, Cmax was found to be 13.833 ± 3.727, 124.415 ± 64.932, 57.536 ± 7.523, and 7.283 ± 3.341 ng/mL for withanoside IV, withaferin A, 12-Deoxy-withastramonolide, and withanolide A, respectively, with Tmax of 0.750 ± 0.000, 0.250 ± 0.000, 0.291 ± 0.102, and 0.333 ± 0.129 h. Moreover, at a given dose, withanoside V, withanolide B, and withanone were detected in plasma; however, the concentration of these constituents was found below LLOQ. Thus, these four major withanoside and withanolides were quantified in plasma supported by ex vivo permeation data exhibiting a time-dependent absorption of withanosides and withanolides across the intestinal barrier. These composite findings provide insights to design a clinical trial of WSE as a potent nutraceutical.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic Study of Withanosides and Withanolides from Withania somnifera Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)

et al. 2022

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“…It constitutes alkaloids and steroidal lactones namely; withanine, withananine, somnine, somniferine, somniferinine, pseudowithanine tropane, pseudo-tropine, choline, anaferine, anahydrine and isopelletierine [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ]. Ashwagandha is widely claimed to have hepatoprotective [ 12 , 13 ], anxiolytic [ 14 ], antidepressant [ 14 , 15 ], nootropic [ 16 ], antimicrobial [ 17 ], anti-inflammatory [ 18 , 19 ], antioxidant [ 20 ], antistress [ 21 ], anticonvulsant [ 22 ], cardio-protective [ 23 ], antitumor [ [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] ], antigenotoxic [ 28 ], antiparkinsonian [ 29 ] and immunomodulatory [ 30 ] properties. Ashwagandha ghrita (AG) is an effective ghrita formulation beneficial for treatment of weakness, gynaecological disorders, general debility and infertility [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Ashwagandha Ghrita with reference to murcchana process and storage conditions

Gurav

Sakharwade³

2020

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine

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Background Withania somnifera (L.) (family-Solanaceae), known as ‘Indian ginseng’ or ‘ Ashwagandha ’ is acclaimed as an effective adaptogen, immunomodulator, aphrodisiac and sedative. Ashwagandha ghrita is a recognized ghee based Ayurvedic formulation. Few ancient texts suggest murcchana process for preparation of Ashwagandha ghrita . Objective The study was undertaken to evaluate probable effects of murcchana process on ghrita preparation with reference to time and storage conditions. Materials and Methods Ashwagandha ghrita samples were prepared separately using plain ghee (Indian cow's ghee) and murcchana ghee. These formulations were stored separately in different glass bottles at room temperature and 400C/75%RH. Organoleptic characters (colour, odour, taste, texture and touch) and physicochemical parameters (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, refractive index and specific gravity) were determined after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Plain ghee and prepared ghrita were subjected for antioxidant evaluation by various in vitro methods. Results Changes were observed in organoleptic characters and physicochemical parameters of plain ghee and Ashwagandha ghrita formulations. Alterations in these parameters were more pronounced at high temperature and on long storage. Ashwagandha ghrita prepared with murcchana process exhibited better antioxidant potential in all in vitro methods. Conclusion The murcchana process was found to be beneficial towards quality of ghrita. Hence, Ashwagandha ghrita may be prepared along with murcchana herbs and stored in a good quality glass bottle to ensure improved shelf life of ghrita .

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“…VEGF [ 67 , 68 ]and protects vascular barrier integrity inhibiting hyperpermeability induced by high-mobility group box 1 protein [ 69 ]. WS aqueous extract may inhibit histamine mediated endothelial contraction to avoid venular intercellular gaps [ 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ayurveda botanicals in COVID-19 management: An in silico multi-target approach

et al. 2021

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The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic in a very short time span. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine to counter this highly contagious disease. There is an urgent need to find a specific cure for the disease and global efforts are directed at developing SARS-CoV-2 specific antivirals and immunomodulators. Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy has been traditionally used in India for its immunomodulatory and adaptogenic effects, and more recently has been included as therapeutic adjuvant for several maladies. Amongst several others, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) and Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) play an important role in Rasayana therapy. The objective of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory and anti SARS-CoV2 potential of phytoconstituents from Ashwagandha, Guduchi and Shatavari using network pharmacology and docking. The plant extracts were prepared as per ayurvedic procedures and a total of 31 phytoconstituents were identified using UHPLC-PDA and mass spectrometry studies. To assess the immunomodulatory potential of these phytoconstituents an in-silico network pharmacology model was constructed. The model predicts that the phytoconstituents possess the potential to modulate several targets in immune pathways potentially providing a protective role. To explore if these phytoconstituents also possess antiviral activity, docking was performed with the Spike protein, Main Protease and RNA dependent RNA polymerase of the virus. Interestingly, several phytoconstituents are predicted to possess good affinity for the three targets, suggesting their application for the termination of viral life cycle. Further, predictive tools indicate that there would not be adverse herb-drug pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interactions with concomitantly administered drug therapy. We thus make a compelling case to evaluate the potential of these Rasayana botanicals as therapeutic adjuvants in the management of COVID-19 following rigorous experimental validation.

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Anti-inflammatory Activity ofWithania somnifera:Possible Mode of Action

Abstract: A bs trac t

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Pharmacokinetic Study of Withanosides and Withanolides from Withania somnifera Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)

Pharmacokinetic Study of Withanosides and Withanolides from Withania somnifera Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)

Studies on Ashwagandha Ghrita with reference to murcchana process and storage conditions

Ayurveda botanicals in COVID-19 management: An in silico multi-target approach

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