Anti-inflammatory activity of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root extracts in LPS-stimulated macrophages

Abstract

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Horseradish root is used as a condiment due to its extremely pungent flavour, deriving from the high content of glucosinolates and their breakdown products such as isothiocyanates and other sulfur compounds. Horseradish also has a long history in ethnomedicine. In this study the anti-inflammatory potential of three accessions of Armoracia rusticana on lipopolysaccharide from E. coli treated J774A.1 murine macrophages was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that Armoracia rusticana reduced nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 release and nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages, acting on nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65 activation. Moreover Armoracia rusticana reduced reactive oxygen species release and increased heme-oxygenase-1 expression, thus contributing to the cytoprotective cellular effect during inflammation.

Indoxyl Sulfate Affects Glial Function Increasing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Interaction between Astrocytes and Microglia

“…For this we used commercially available kits for murine TNF-α and IL-6 (e-Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States) as previously reported (Marzocco et al, 2015). …”

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Potential of the Root Extract and Constituents of Doronicum austriacum

“…The slides were then washed with PBS three times and fluorescein-conjugated secondary antibody (FITC) was added and left for 1 h. DAPI was used for counterstaining of nuclei. Coverslips were finally mounted in mounting medium and fluorescent images were taken under the Laser Confocal Microscope (Leica TCS SP5) as previously reported [ 26 ].…”

Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of ethanol extracts from different varieties of Sanghuang species

“…It mainly involves release of nitric oxide and pro-inammatory cytokines, such as TNFa, IL-1 and IL-6, by activated macrophages and induction of leukocyte inltration in the infected region, which results in the development of four cardinal symptoms: redness, swelling, heat, and pain. 12,31 Inammation is a self-protective reaction of the body by activating the immune system and killing malignant tumor cells. However, excess or persistent inammation is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases.…”

“…Among the regulators, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and TNFa play a signicant role in acute inammatory responses. [11][12][13] These three cytohormones can increase vasopermeability, resulting in inammatory responses such as redness, swelling, fever, and aches. They can also continuously stimulate the activation of macrophagocytes and secrete additional pro-inammatory cytokines.…”