Anti-inflammatory Activity of Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Salvia plebeia

Abstract

Nine new sesquiterpenoid lactones and 11 known analogues were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia plebeia R.Br. Their structures were elucidated via HRESIMS and NMR data, and their absolute configurations were defined via electronic circular dichroism data, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and the modified Mosher's ester method. Compounds 1-20 were investigated for their ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in murine macrophage cells. Of the isolates, epi-eudebeiolide C (20) showed the highest inhibitory effect (IC of 17.9 μM). mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), but not that of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was dose-dependently decreased by 20 in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Based on a mechanistic study involving the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, the anti-inflammatory effect of 20 was attributed to NF-κB activation blockade via inhibition of NF-κB (IκB) phosphorylation. Therefore, 20 might be a potential candidate for relieving inflammatory diseases.

1-Carbomethoxy-β-Carboline, Derived from Portulaca oleracea L., Ameliorates LPS-Mediated Inflammatory Response Associated with MAPK Signaling and Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB

“…The cytosolic and nuclear extracts were prepared using an NE-PER Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Immunoblot analysis was performed as previously described [48]. After transfer to nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, the blocking membrane with 5% skimmed milk powder was incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibody, including anti-phospho-JNK (1:1000), anti-JNK (1:1000), anti-phospho-p38 (1:1000), anti-p38 (1:1000), anti-phospho-ERK (1:1000), anti-ERK (1:1000), anti-p65 (1:1000), anti- IκBα (1:1000), anti-iNOS (1:1000), and anti-β-actin antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA).…”

Alkaloids from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells

“…RAW264.7 cells (TIB-71, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). NO production was measured using a previously described method [ 43 , 44 ]. Briefly, RAW264.7 macrophages were seeded into 96-well plates at a density of 5 × 10 5 cells/well, and after being incubated with samples for 1 h, the cells were treated with LPS (0.1 µg/mL) for 24 h. Equal volumes of the cell culture supernatant and Griess reagent were mixed, and the absorbance of the mixtures was recorded at 550 nm.…”

Anticancer Effect of Salvia plebeia and Its Active Compound by Improving T-Cell Activity via Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in Humanized PD-1 Mouse Model

“…(SP) is an edible plant widely distributed in many countries, including Korea, India, and China and has been used as a folk medicine to treat common cold, diarrhea, and hepatitis ( 16 , 17 ). SP mainly contains diverse phytochemical substances, such as flavonoids ( 18 ), sesquiterpenoids ( 19 ), monoterpene glycosides, steroids, and different types of phenolic compounds ( 17 ). Recent studies have reported that SP ethanol extract (SPE) has a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory ( 20 ), antiviral ( 17 , 21 ), antioxidant ( 22 ), antiangiogenic, and antinociceptive activities ( 23 ).…”