Anti-infective properties of bacteriocins: an update

Hammami, Riadh; Fernandez, Benoît; Lacroix, Christophe; Fliss, Ismaı̈l

doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1202-3

Cited by 127 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Many bacteriocins have been assessed for potential application as therapeutic agents (Hammami et al, 2013). In this study, we investigated the potential of nisin as an anti-infective agent for treating C. difficile by examining the susceptibility of 20 clinical isolates and three ATCC strains to nisin A and Z as well as six antibiotics, including vancomycin and metronidazole -two drugs commonly used for the treatment of C. difficile infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nisin is an effective inhibitor of Clostridium difficile vegetative cells and spore germination

Lay

Dridi

Bergeron

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Clostridium difficile is the most frequently identified enteric pathogen in patients with nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis. Several clinically isolated C. difficile strains are resistant to antibiotics other than metronidazole and vancomycin. Recently, bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria have been proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of nisin, a bacteriocin produced by several strains of Lactococcus lactis, against clinical isolates of C. difficile. Nisin Z obtained from culture of L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis was tested along with commercial nisin A. The effect of nisin A on C. difficile spores was also examined. Nisin A and Z both inhibited the growth of all C. difficile isolates, and MICs were estimated at 6.2 mg ml 21 for nisin Z and 0.8 mg ml 21 for nisin A. In addition, C. difficile spores were also susceptible to nisin A (25.6 mg ml 21 ), which reduced spore viability by 40-50 %. These results suggested that nisin and hence nisin-producing Lactococcus strains could be used to treat C. difficile-associated diarrhoea. INTRODUCTIONClostridium difficile, a Gram-positive anaerobic sporeforming bacterium, is an emerging pathogen capable of causing severe gastrointestinal illness in individuals undergoing antibiotic therapy (Kelly & LaMont, 2008;Rupnik et al., 2009;Stanley et al., 2013). Infection with C. difficile may produce a wide spectrum of outcomes that range from asymptomatic colonization to acute diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis, which can result in colonic perforation and death if untreated (Kelly & LaMont, 2008;Rupnik et al., 2009;Stanley et al., 2013). Whilst the vegetative form of C. difficile is responsible for producing the toxins that cause illness, the spore is the principal transmitted form (Sorg & Sonenshein, 2008). Many antibiotics have been implicated in C. difficile-associated diarrhoea, including clindamycin, ampicillin and amoxicillin, as well as the cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones (Wiström et al., 2001;Stevens et al., 2011;Slimings & Riley, 2014) Current treatment for C. difficile-associated diarrhoea is limited mainly to administration of the antibiotics metronidazole or vancomycin (Surawicz et al., 2013). Furthermore, treatment failure and recurrence of infection have also been reported in 2-38 and 8-50 % of cases, respectively (Aslam et al., 2005). Based on its in vitro activity, its efficacy by either the oral or the intravenous route and its low cost, metronidazole was commonly used for treatment of mild C. difficile infection. However, some studies reported the emergence of C. difficile isolates with a reduced susceptibility to metronidazole (Baines et al., 2008; Peláez et al., 2008). Vancomycin is considered a second-line therapy, as prolonged treatment is associated with higher risk of selecting vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in addition to its high cost.It is clear that the health sector would benefit from efficacious alternative...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria appear to offer one of the most promising alternatives in the fight against enteric pathogens (Hammami et al, 2013). Bacteriocins are proteinaceous antimicrobial molecules that are synthesized by a ribosomal mechanism in many bacteria (Drider & Rebuffat, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nisin is an effective inhibitor of Clostridium difficile vegetative cells and spore germination

Lay

Dridi

Bergeron

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…In addition the BACTIBASE database is a manually curated repository of bacteriocin sequences that can also be helpful. [47]. Mass spectrometry is also being used more often in the quest for novel bacteriocins.…”

Section: Genome Miningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial antagonists against food pathogens: a bacteriocin perspective

O’Connor

Ross

Hill

et al. 2015

Current Opinion in Food Science

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Efforts are continuing to find novel bacteriocins with enhanced specificity and potency. Traditional plating techniques are still being used for bacteriocin screening studies, however, the availability of ever more bacterial genome sequences and the use of in silico gene mining tools have revealed novel bacteriocin gene clusters that would otherwise have been overlooked. Furthermore, synthetic biology and bioengineering-based approaches are allowing scientists to harness existing and novel bacteriocin gene clusters through expression in different hosts and by enhancing functionalities. The same principles apply to bacteriocin producing probiotic cultures and their application to control pathogens in the gut. We can expect that the recent developments on bacteriocins from Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) described here will contribute greatly to increased commercialisation of bacteriocins in food systems.

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“…For example, the poorly pathogenic commensal species, Streptococcus salivarius, produces bacteriocins that inhibit S. pneumoniae, 60,61 and in the gut enterohemorrhagic E. coli is inhibited by bacteriocins produced by other E. coli strains. 62 On the skin, the commensal species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, produces antimicrobial proteins that prevent S. aureus growth. 63 Another mechanism that directly inhibits other bacteria species is the production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

The new first-line defense: the potential of nasopharyngeal colonization in vaccine strategies

Chan¹,

Cohen²,

Brown³

2016

VDT

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Abstract:Pathogens that can colonize the upper respiratory tract include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. While these pathogens commonly asymptomatically colonize the nasopharynx of healthy adults, disease progression may occur in some individuals. In addition to these respiratory pathogens, there are a large number of commensal species also found in the upper respiratory tract which only very rarely cause disease, creating a complex community of bacterial species in the nasopharynx. This review addresses the novel, potential strategies that utilize the interactions between both homologous and heterologous species in the nasopharynx to vaccinate individuals against pathogenic bacteria. These strategies include the mechanisms employed by colonizing bacteria to regulate the presence of other species in the nasopharynx and the effect that colonization of the nasopharynx has on the host immune response. Interventional strategies investigated so far include the introduction of nonpathogenic bacteria to the nasopharynx to immunize against a closely related species, controlled colonization using both wild-type and attenuated species, and the use of other nonpathogenic colonizers to express antigens from potential pathogens. All these approaches harness the ability of the colonization to induce a mucosal immune response that can protect against future infection. In this review, S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis colonization are used as case studies for this approach as the immunological effects of colonization have been widely studied in animal and human models. Colonization-based strategies have great potential, and, in particular, the attenuated strain approach has produced some encouraging data in animal models. However, the strategy for attenuating virulence must be stringent and caused by highly stable mutations that are unlikely to revert. In addition, the consequences of artificial administration of genetically modified bacteria to the nasopharynx on the usual host microbiome are unknown and would need to be monitored carefully.

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Anti-infective properties of bacteriocins: an update

Cited by 127 publications

References 147 publications

Nisin is an effective inhibitor of Clostridium difficile vegetative cells and spore germination

Nisin is an effective inhibitor of Clostridium difficile vegetative cells and spore germination

Antimicrobial antagonists against food pathogens: a bacteriocin perspective

The new first-line defense: the potential of nasopharyngeal colonization in vaccine strategies

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