Anti-idiotypes used in immunohistochemistry

Reaction mechanism of methanol decomposition on Pt‐based model catalysts: A theoretical study

“…CO(a) 1 H 2 . This is different with the early experimental result reported by Wang and Masel 20,21 in which they found the final products of the methanol decomposition on Pt(110)(1 3 1) surface should be (CH x ) ad and H 2 O. But in the later work, Masel has also suggested that the methanol decomposition on this surface through an initial OÀ ÀH bond scission and the final products should be CO ad and H 2 .…”

“…Masel and coworkers found that the methanol decomposition proceeded through the CÀ ÀO bond scission, and the final products are (CH x ) ads and H 2 O. [18][19][20][21] However, the same author suggested that the methanol decomposition on this surface through an initial OÀ ÀH bond scission, and the final products should be CO ad and H 2 in a latter study. 22 Using temperature-programed reaction spectroscopy, Xray photoelectron spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction, Attard et al determined that the final products of methanol on clean Pt(110) surface were H 2 and CO ads .…”

“…However, there was some experimental evidence suggesting that, on the Pt(110) surface, the methanol decomposes via the CÀ ÀO bond cleavage and forms species like CH x (x 5 1, 2, 3, 4) and H 2 O. 20,21 Hence, we investigated some other possible reaction routes on Pt(110) surface, which involve other CÀ ÀO bond cleavages besides the mechanism of direct CÀ ÀO bond breaking from the initial adsorbed methanol. Three other reactions involving CÀ ÀO bond breaking are calculated through NEB method:…”

“…22 Using temperature-programed reaction spectroscopy, Xray photoelectron spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction, Attard et al determined that the final products of methanol on clean Pt(110) surface were H 2 and CO ads . 23 There is little investigation of methanol chemisorption and decomposition on the reconstructed Pt(110)(2 3 1) surface except the research work of Franaszczuke et al [18][19][20][21] In their experiment, they observed the methoxy intermediate using TPD and EELS, and the final products were found to be CO and H 2 . So they suggested the mechanism of an initial OÀ ÀH bond scission during methanol decomposed on the reconstructed Pt(110) surface.…”

Performance of the direct formic acid fuel cell with electrochemically modified palladium–antimony anode catalyst

“…Alternatively, the acid in the Nafion could cause steps to form on the palladium surface [52,53]. Such steps could be active for C-O bond scission in palladium [54][55][56] leading to CO formation. The CO pathway is well established during formic acid electrooxidation on platinum [43,48,49,[57][58][59][60][61][62] and it can be inhibited by adatoms such as antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and lead [63][64][65][66].…”