Anti‐hypercholesteraemic and antioxidative activities of camel skin gelatin hydrolysate: effect of enzyme type, enzyme: substrate ratio and time of hydrolysis

Fawale, Olumide Samson; Mudgil, Priti; Adelrahman, Raghad; Baba, Waqas N.; Nirmal, Nilesh Prakash; Maqsood, Sajid

doi:10.1111/ijfs.16224

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Donkey-hide gelatin hydrolysates were found to have immune modulation properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages [ 11 ]; while tilapia-skin gelatin hydrolysates, with chemical phosphorylation, have an increased calcium-binding capacity [ 12 ]. Moreover, camel-skin gelatin hydrolysate was revealed to have both antihypercholesteremic and antioxidative effects [ 13 ]. It was reported that collagen and gelatin hydrolysates possess the desirable function of enhancing bone mineral density [ 14 ] and increase the content of organic substances in the bone [ 15 ] but decrease osteoclast activity [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Composition of a Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Skin Gelatin Hydrolysate and Its Antiapoptotic Effects on Etoposide-Induced Osteoblasts

Liu¹,

Pan

et al. 2023

Foods

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A gelatin hydrolysate with a hydrolysis degree of 13.7% was generated using the skin gelatin of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and papain-catalyzed enzymatic hydrolysis. The results of analysis demonstrated that four amino acids, namely Ala, Gly, Pro, and 4-Hyp, were the most abundant in the obtained gelatin hydrolysate with measured molar percentages ranging from 7.2% to 35.4%; more importantly, the four amino acids accounted for 2/3 of the total measured amino acids. However, two amino acids, Cys and Tyr, were not detected in the generated gelatin hydrolysate. The experimental results indicated that the gelatin hydrolysate at a dose of 50 µg/mL could combat etoposide-induced apoptosis in human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19 cells), causing a decrease in the total apoptotic cells from 31.6% to 13.6% (via apoptotic prevention) or 13.3% to 11.8% (via apoptotic reversal). Meanwhile, the osteoblasts exposed to the gelatin hydrolysate showed expression changes for 157 genes (expression folds > 1.5-fold), among which JNKK, JNK1, and JNK3 were from the JNK family with a 1.5–2.7-fold downregulated expression. Furthermore, the protein expressions of JNKK, JNK1, JNK3, and Bax in the treated osteoblasts showed a 1.25–1.41 fold down-regulation, whereas JNK2 expression was not detected in the osteoblasts. It is thus suggested that gelatin hydrolysate is rich in the four amino acids and has an in vitro antiapoptotic effect on etoposide-stimulated osteoblasts via mitochondrial-mediated JNKK/JNK(1,3)/Bax downregulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Composition of a Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Skin Gelatin Hydrolysate and Its Antiapoptotic Effects on Etoposide-Induced Osteoblasts

Liu¹,

Pan

et al. 2023

Foods

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Review of the slaughter wastes and the meat by-products recycling opportunities

Alibekov,

Alibekova,

Bakhtybekova

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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In the ancient times, the Kazakhstan population were considered as nomadic people, where a cult of all types of cattle breeding had a leading position. However, currently the processing approaches of livestock slaughter wastes and secondary meat raw materials are weakly developed. The presented review of waste-free technologies considers the utilization processes of following: carcasses, skins, bones, meat scraps, blood, adipose tissue, horns, feet, hooves, and internal organs. These substances are an important source of animal protein, collagen, bioactive peptides, blood plasma, minerals, and fats that can be applied in various industries: food, feed, medical, and technological. When slaughtering livestock, meat on bones makes up almost half of the total weight of livestock, yet the remaining half contains offal and inedible raw materials. Blood consists of: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma. Animal bones have mostly proteins (30–50%) and lipids (13–20%) from bone tissues. Tendons, bones and skins contain a large amount of collagen. Animal fat and adipose tissue have 54.9% saturated acids, 40.9% unsaturated fatty acids and 4.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bioactive peptides from collagen derivatives contain from 2 to 20 amino acids and have various biological (antihypertensive, antioxidant, and antimicrobial) activity. This review considers a world current status, modern prospects and opportunities in the slaughter wastes and the meat by-products recycling technologies. Overview of existing approaches for waste processing with the subsequent use of the final product in the food industry, the production of feed, medicines and technical products is considered. The complete processing within the slaughtering livestock and the secondary meat raw materials allows to expand the wide-range products with a low prime cost, thereby promoting to the sustainable development of agroecology by applying the waste hierarchy: Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling.

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Anti‐hypercholesteraemic and antioxidative activities of camel skin gelatin hydrolysate: effect of enzyme type, enzyme: substrate ratio and time of hydrolysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Amino Acid Composition of a Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Skin Gelatin Hydrolysate and Its Antiapoptotic Effects on Etoposide-Induced Osteoblasts

Amino Acid Composition of a Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Skin Gelatin Hydrolysate and Its Antiapoptotic Effects on Etoposide-Induced Osteoblasts

Review of the slaughter wastes and the meat by-products recycling opportunities

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