Anti-HIV protease triterpenoids from the acid hydrolysate of Panax ginseng

Wei, Ying; Ma, Cui; Hattori, Masao

doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2008.12.001

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In particular, triterpenoid saponins have antiretroviral effects [42]. For example, several ginsenosides, including polyacetylene ginsenoside-Ro from P. ginseng and xylanase from Panax notoginseng , were found to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 [43], [44], [45], and the ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, and Rc inhibit HIV replication in vitro (patent no, CN1745756A).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean Red Ginseng increases defective pol gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1–infected patients; inhibition of its detection during ginseng-based combination therapy

Cho

Kim

Woo

2019

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundWe have reported that defective nef and gag genes are induced in HIV-1–infected patients treated with Korean Red Ginseng (KRG).MethodsTo investigate whether KRG treatment and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) affect genetic defects in the pol gene, we amplified and sequenced a partial pol gene (p-pol) containing the integrase portion (1.2 kb) by nested PCR with sequential peripheral blood mononuclear cells over 20 years and compared it with those patients at baseline, in control patients, those taking ginseng-based combination therapy (GCT; KRG plus combinational antiretroviral therapy) and HAART alone. We also compared our findings to look for the full-length pol gene (pol) (3.0-kb)ResultsTwenty-patients infected with subtype B were treated with KRG for 116 ± 58 months in the absence of HAART. Internal deletion in the pol gene (Δpol) was significantly higher in the KRG group (11.9%) than in the control group and at baseline; its detection was significantly inhibited during GCT as much as during HAART. In addition, the Δpol in p-pol significantly depended on the duration of KRG treatment. In pol, the proportion of Δpol was significantly higher in the KRG group (38.7%) than in the control group, and it was significantly inhibited during GCT and HAART. In contrast, the proportion of stop codon appeared not to be affected by KRG treatment. The PCR success rate was significantly decreased with longer GCT.ConclusionThe proportion of Δpol depends on template size as well as KRG treatment. HAART decreases the detection of Δpol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean Red Ginseng increases defective pol gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1–infected patients; inhibition of its detection during ginseng-based combination therapy

Cho

Kim

Woo

2019

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…With respect to the antiretroviral effects of ginseng, several reports also support our data. It is known that several ginsenosides including polyacetyleneginsenoside-Ro from Panax ginseng and xylanase from Panax notoginseng inhibited the replication of HIV-1 [27][28][29]. In addition, it is known that ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, and Rc have anti-HIV replication in vitro (patent, CN1745756A).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage and Duration Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Intake on Frequency of Gross Deletions in the nef Gene

Cho¹,

Jung²

2010

Journal of Ginseng Research

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In the present study, we investigated whether a gross deletion in the nef gene (g∆nef) is induced by Korean red ginseng (KRG) intake. Ten patients were treated with KRG powder for 3 years in the absence of antiretroviral drug therapy. On average, 3,555 ± 1,042 g KRG was administered per person over 36.1±2.4 months. There was a mild decrease in CD4 T cell count (75 ± 110/mL) over the 36.1±2.4 months (p = 0.059). We obtained 355 nef amplicons using 71 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples over a 3-year period. All ten patients exhibited g∆nef (range, 3.2 to 45.9%). At baseline, 3 of 78 amplicons (3.8%) exhibited g∆nef, whereas 18.8% (52/277) revealed g∆nef during KRG-intake (p < 0.001). The proportion of g∆nef was significantly correlated with monthly dose of KRG (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). The median time for first detection of g∆nef was 13 months. In conclusion, our data show that g∆nef is inducible by KRG intake and its proportion is dependent on the duration of KRG intake and dose of KRG.

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“…Panaxadiol and -triol were inactive as inhibitors of HIV-1 protease, but the new compounds exhibited IC 50 values in the narrow 10.3-12.3 lg/ ml range, being somewhat less potent than oleanolic acid (6.3 lg/ml) in the current assay (Wei et al 2009a).…”

Section: Dammaranesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Anti-HIV activity of natural triterpenoids and hemisynthetic derivatives 2004–2009

Cassels

Asencio²

2010

Phytochem Rev

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The continued advance of HIV-AIDS makes the development of relatively inexpensive, freely accessible, and mechanistically more diverse antiviral therapies an urgent need. Natural products are, directly or indirectly, an important potential source of compounds meeting these conditions. A review of the recent literature indicates that some hemisynthetic triterpenoid derivatives, particularly belonging to the lupane, oleanane and ursane series, may be nearing a stage where they can be used to complement existing therapeutic approaches. On the other hand, although some natural derivatives of tetracyclic terpenoid families have revealed many novel structures and some promise as anti-HIV substances, their chemical modification to improve their potency and selectivity remains practically untouched. While ongoing work with the more 'classical' pentacyclic triterpenoids will continue to be a fertile field for HIV-AIDS drug discovery, the other structural groups offer unprecedented opportunities for the development of additional substances with useful properties and for the discovery of novel targets for antiviral therapy.

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Anti-HIV protease triterpenoids from the acid hydrolysate of Panax ginseng

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Korean Red Ginseng increases defective pol gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1–infected patients; inhibition of its detection during ginseng-based combination therapy

Korean Red Ginseng increases defective pol gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1–infected patients; inhibition of its detection during ginseng-based combination therapy

Dosage and Duration Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Intake on Frequency of Gross Deletions in the nef Gene

Anti-HIV activity of natural triterpenoids and hemisynthetic derivatives 2004–2009

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