Anti-HIV-1 Antibodies: An Update

Promsote, Wanwisa; DeMouth, Megan E.; Almasri, Cassandra; Pegu, Amarendra

doi:10.1007/s40259-020-00413-2

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Moreover, certain mutations have been shown to further increase the half-life of bNAbs, without detrimental effect to its binding site and Fc-effector functions ( 153 ). BNAbs are also shown to have longer half-lives than receptor-targeting antibodies ( 144 ) which further makes them more advantageous than other carriers described herein. The safety and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles of bNAbs make them highly attractive carriers of ACs for HIV-1.…”

Section: Next-generation Ac For Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…BNAbs can be placed in a distinct category than ART because they directly target circulating virus, recognize Env-expressing infected cells, and can directly engage host antiviral responses such as ADCC. Several of these bNAbs have already entered various phases of human clinical trials for prevention, ART interruption, and therapeutic studies ( 144 ). Moreover, bNAbs are an attractive next-generation “armed” antibody for the delivery of molecular payloads for HIV-1 cure.…”

Section: Next-generation Ac For Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be explained by the various conformation of Env depending on the stage of infection, as well as the extensive viral heterogeneity that exists in the latent reservoir. The discovery and functional analysis of bNAbs for therapy is reviewed elsewhere ( 144 , 145 ).…”

Section: Next-generation Ac For Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACs could be a vital component in all stages of the HIV-1 treatment regimen. Although efficacies of bNAb monotherapy, bNAb in combination with ART and ART interruption studies, and bNAb in combination with LRAs are showing limited results in early human trials, the fact that these various combination treatments alongside bNAbs are all being tested for clinical efficacy could increase interest in ACs ( 144 , 154 , 155 ). In all these trials, bNAb infusion proved to be safe and well-tolerated which further highlights the advantage of mAb-based therapy over drug intensification approach for HIV-1 cure.…”

Section: Next-generation Ac For Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibody Conjugates for Targeted Therapy Against HIV-1 as an Emerging Tool for HIV-1 Cure

Umotoy

Taeye

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Although advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have significantly improved the life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) by suppressing HIV-1 replication, a cure for HIV/AIDS remains elusive. Recent findings of the emergence of drug resistance against various ART have resulted in an increased number of treatment failures, thus the development of novel strategies for HIV-1 cure is of immediate need. Antibody-based therapy is a well-established tool in the treatment of various diseases and the engineering of new antibody derivatives is expanding the realms of its application. An antibody-based carrier of anti-HIV-1 molecules, or antibody conjugates (ACs), could address the limitations of current HIV-1 ART by decreasing possible off-target effects, reduce toxicity, increasing the therapeutic index, and lowering production costs. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) with exceptional breadth and potency against HIV-1 are currently being explored to prevent or treat HIV-1 infection in the clinic. Moreover, bNAbs can be engineered to deliver cytotoxic or immune regulating molecules as ACs, further increasing its therapeutic potential for HIV-1 cure. ACs are currently an important component of anticancer treatment with several FDA-approved constructs, however, to date, no ACs are approved to treat viral infections. This review aims to outline the development of AC for HIV-1 cure, examine the variety of carriers and payloads used, and discuss the potential of ACs in the current HIV-1 cure landscape.

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Section: Next-generation Ac For Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Next-generation Ac For Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Next-generation Ac For Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Next-generation Ac For Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Antibody Conjugates for Targeted Therapy Against HIV-1 as an Emerging Tool for HIV-1 Cure

Umotoy

Taeye

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“… Phase 2NCT04335071 Sarilumab/(DB11767) C 6388 H 9918 N 1718 O 1998 S 44 Combined with methotrexate, treats RA ( Genovese et al, 2015 ). Phase 3NCT04327388 Chemokine CCR5 receptor Anti-human CCR5 receptor Leronlimab /(DB05941) C 6534 H 10036 N 1720 O 2040 S 42 Anti-HIV ( Promsote et al, 2020 ). Phase 2NCT04347239 Janus kinase receptors Inhibition of Janus kinases Tofacitinib /(DB08895) C 16 H 20 N 6 O Treats ulcerative colitis and RA ( Sandborn et al, 2017 , van Vollenhoven et al, 2012 ) Phase 2NCT04412252 Baricitinib/(DB11817) C 16 H 17 N 7 O 2 S Treats acute respiratory distress and RA ( Richardson et al, 2020 , Taylor et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Overview Of the Innate Adaptive And Complement Immune Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Current approaches used in treating COVID-19 from a molecular mechanisms and immune response perspective

Alnefaie

Albogami

2020

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 targets the respiratory system, resulting in symptoms such as fever, headache, dry cough, dyspnea, and dizziness. These symptoms vary from person to person, ranging from mild to hypoxia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sometimes death. Although not confirmed, phylogenetic analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated from bats; the intermediary facilitating its transfer from bats to humans is unknown. Owing to the rapid spread of infection and high number of deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2, most countries have enacted strict curfews and the practice of social distancing while awaiting the availability of effective U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications and/or vaccines. This review offers an overview of the various types of coronaviruses (CoVs), their targeted hosts and cellular receptors, a timeline of their emergence, and the roles of key elements of the immune system in fighting pathogen attacks, while focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and its genomic structure and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we review drugs targeting COVID-19 that are under investigation and in clinical trials, in addition to progress using mesenchymal stem cells to treat COVID-19. We conclude by reviewing the latest updates on COVID-19 vaccine development. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with host cells and stimulates the immune response is extremely important, especially as scientists look for new strategies to guide their development of specific COVID-19 therapies and vaccines.

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