Anti-herpesviral effects of a novel broad range anti-microbial quaternary ammonium silane, K21

Gulve, Nitish; Kimmerling, Kirk; Johnston, Allen D.; Krueger, G. R. F.; Ablashi, Dharam V.; Prusty, Bhupesh K.

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.05.004

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Oligomeric ammonium-silane based systems and their impact on herpesvirus has been studied by Prusty et al [110]. Their results are consistent with other works related to the antiviral effect of ammonium.…”

Section: Amines Containing-polymers and Polycationssupporting

confidence: 81%

Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line

2020

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Antiviral polymers are part of a major campaign led by the scientific community in recent years. Facing this most demanding of campaigns, two main approaches have been undertaken by scientists. First, the classic approach involves the development of relatively small molecules having antiviral properties to serve as drugs. The other approach involves searching for polymers with antiviral properties to be used as prescription medications or viral spread prevention measures. This second approach took two distinct directions. The first, using polymers as antiviral drug-delivery systems, taking advantage of their biodegradable properties. The second, using polymers with antiviral properties for on-contact virus elimination, which will be the focus of this review. Anti-viral polymers are obtained by either the addition of small antiviral molecules (such as metal ions) to obtain ion-containing polymers with antiviral properties or the use of polymers composed of an organic backbone and electrically charged moieties like polyanions, such as carboxylate containing polymers, or polycations such as quaternary ammonium containing polymers. Other approaches include moieties hybridized by sulphates, carboxylic acids, or amines and/or combining repeating units with a similar chemical structure to common antiviral drugs. Furthermore, elevated temperatures appear to increase the anti-viral effect of ions and other functional moieties.

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Section: Amines Containing-polymers and Polycationssupporting

confidence: 81%

Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line

2020

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“…Recently, a topical QA silane prepared by sol-gel reaction of an antimicrobial trialkoxysilane with an anchoring tetra-alkoxysilane (codenamed "K-21") has been reported to inhibit the replication of enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses at non-toxic concentrations, including HSV-1, Human Herpesvirus-6 and Human Herpesvirus-7. These viruses have the capability to establish lifelong latency in humans and can be reactivated later in life [97]. Because reactivation of the immunosuppressive and neurotrophic Human Herpesvirus-6 in human brain tissues can cause cognitive dysfunction, permanent disability or death, and may play a role in a subset of patients with chronic neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, status epilepticus and chronic fatigue syndrome, there is an urgent need for more studies on the capability for the K-21 agent to inhibit the replication of Human Herpesvirus-6 in vivo.…”

Section: Antiviral Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance

Jiao

Niu

et al. 2017

Progress in Polymer Science

483

317

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a b s t r a c tMicrobial infections affect humans worldwide. Many quaternary ammonium compounds have been synthesized that are not only antibacterial, but also possess antifungal, antiviral and anti-matrix metalloproteinase capabilities. Incorporation of quaternary ammonium moieties into polymers represents one of the most promising strategies for preparation of antimicrobial biomaterials. Various polymerization techniques have been employed to prepare antimicrobial surfaces with quaternary ammonium functionalities; in particular, syntheses involving controlled radical polymerization techniques enable precise control over macromolecular structure, order and functionality. Although recent publications report exciting advances in the biomedical field, some of these technological developments have also been accompanied by potential toxicological and antimicrobial resistance challenges. Recent evidenced-based data on the biomedical applications of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium-containing biomaterials that are based on randomized human clinical trials, the golden standard in contemporary medicinal science, are included in the present review. This should help increase visibility, stimulate debates and spur conversations within a wider scientific community on the implications and plausibility for future developments of quaternary ammonium-based antimicrobial biomaterials.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…Having established a new reference genome sequence for HHV-6A strain U1102, this was then compared to the whole genome sequence of BACmid cloned virus. This had been cloned as BACmid using a BACmid cassette inserted in-between genes U53 and U54 [ 27 ], then the virus was reconstructed from tissue culture passage as described [ 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modelling of HHV-6 gB mutation showed that the mutation is located at the predicted trimer interface region, which may increase the stability of the post-fusion conformation through increased hydrophobicity ( Figure S2 ). Interestingly, in treatment with a membrane directed antiviral, the treated virus no longer retained the gB mutation, and comparisons with the mutated passaged virus in immune precipitation analyses did show increased stability of gB [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HHV-6A strain U1102 low passage from the original isolate, P3, was grown in JJhan cells as described [ 26 ]. The continuous cultured virus, termed pU1102 here, was grown on HSB2 cells (Kindly donated by B. Prusty from the University of Wurzberg, Würzburg, Germany) and a virus reconstructed from cloned BACmid version BAC-U1102 (kindly provided by Y. Mori, Kobe University, Japan and cultured by B. Prusty, University of Wurzberg, Würzburg, Germany) [ 12 , 27 ] were identically passaged in HSB2 cells, as described, for four serial weekly passages [ 28 , 29 ]. CiHHV-6A strains 5055, 2284, and 5814 were extracted from DNA from patients as described in [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of Tissue Culture Adaptation of Human Herpesvirus-6A by Whole Genome Deep Sequencing Redefines the Reference Sequence and Identifies Virus Entry Complex Changes

Tweedy

Escriva

Topf

et al. 2017

Viruses

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Tissue-culture adaptation of viruses can modulate infection. Laboratory passage and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)mid cloning of human cytomegalovirus, HCMV, resulted in genomic deletions and rearrangements altering genes encoding the virus entry complex, which affected cellular tropism, virulence, and vaccine development. Here, we analyse these effects on the reference genome for related betaherpesviruses, Roseolovirus, human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) strain U1102. This virus is also naturally “cloned” by germline subtelomeric chromosomal-integration in approximately 1% of human populations, and accurate references are key to understanding pathological relationships between exogenous and endogenous virus. Using whole genome next-generation deep-sequencing Illumina-based methods, we compared the original isolate to tissue-culture passaged and the BACmid-cloned virus. This re-defined the reference genome showing 32 corrections and 5 polymorphisms. Furthermore, minor variant analyses of passaged and BACmid virus identified emerging populations of a further 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 loci, half non-synonymous indicating cell-culture selection. Analyses of the BAC-virus genome showed deletion of the BAC cassette via loxP recombination removing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based selection. As shown for HCMV culture effects, select HHV-6A SNPs mapped to genes encoding mediators of virus cellular entry, including virus envelope glycoprotein genes gB and the gH/gL complex. Comparative models suggest stabilisation of the post-fusion conformation. These SNPs are essential to consider in vaccine-design, antimicrobial-resistance, and pathogenesis.

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Anti-herpesviral effects of a novel broad range anti-microbial quaternary ammonium silane, K21

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line

Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line

Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance

Analyses of Tissue Culture Adaptation of Human Herpesvirus-6A by Whole Genome Deep Sequencing Redefines the Reference Sequence and Identifies Virus Entry Complex Changes

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