Anti-forensic Approach to Remove StegoContent from Images and Videos

Abstract

Covert transmission of information hidden in different media to either a general or targeted audience constitutes steganography. However, this technique can be misused to transmit undesirable information. Traditionally the removal of such content necessitated the knowledge of the steganographic algorithm used. However, we address the scenario where such stego is removed using generic image processing operations along with an anti forensic method without assuming any knowledge of the steganographic algorithm used. The application of generic image processing operations also causes degradation of cover image, which can also be restored using this anti forensic method. Our procedure has been tested on a variety of steganographic algorithms including HUGO-BD, WOW, Synch and J-UNIWARD. By applying universal steganalysis we found that all images which have been subjected to our procedure have become stego free. However, a direct evaluation of the stego content assuming knowledge of the stego content and its location showed that 80 percentage of the stego is removed without significantly impacting the visual image quality. Video stream containing isolated static images have been addressed in this paper. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural

Steganalisis Bukti Digital pada Media Penyimpanan Menggunakan Metode Static Forensics

“…Untuk mendeteksi serta menanggulangi teknik steganografi, munculah disiplin ilmu yang dinamakan steganalisis. Steganalisis adalah suatu teknik untuk mendeteksi serta membongkar keberadaan pesan rahasia yang dicurigai dalam media digital [5]. Selain itu menurut [6], steganalisis dapat dijadikan pedoman untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi kelemahan teknik steganografi sehingga dapat dilakukan proses penyisipan pesan yang lebih aman.…”

Systematic Review: Anti-Forensic Computer Techniques

“…Also, S. K. Moon et al [134,135] obtain a steganography algorithm applied to videos, while M. Sun et al [136,137] develop a steganography algorithm for images. In contrast, P. P. Amritha et al [138] describe a method by which to remove steganography in images and videos, without knowing the algorithm used for this purpose. R. J. Chen et al [139] develop an anti-forensic steganography system using the proposed multi-bit MER, which employs a flexible bit location embedding method (multi-bit MER-FBL embedding method), to overcome the problem of forensics and to achieve strong performance, including both large embedding capacity and high image quality.…”

“…Paper [139] analyzes the properties of multi-bit minimum replacement error (MER) in image steganography. On the other hand, paper [138] proposes a generic anti-forensic method by which to remove hidden information in images without knowledge of the steganographic algorithm.…”

“…Articles [136,137,139] contribute to the development of anti-forensic methods for image steganography. Article [138] proposes a generic antiforensic method of removing information hidden in images.…”

Cloud and Edge Computing-Based Computer Forensics: Challenges and Open Problems

“…Without understanding the steganographic algorithm, Stego can be extracted using essential image processing functions in an anti-forensic way. The authors of [105] proposed the Persistent Stego Incident Response System (PSIRS) anti-stego algorithm, which is used to make images and videos without stego without affecting critical visual quality. The authors use a combination of different algorithms, such as RS algorithms [106] and Universal Steganalysis [107].…”