“…Due to the constraints of the material's hardness, toughness, tensile strength, and yield strength, the explosion and penetration resistances of steel are limited (Jacobs and Van Dingenen, 2001;Jena et al, 2010). Many scholars have found that PU can significantly enhance the explosion resistance (Ackland et al, 2013;Nemat-Nasser, 2010;Amini et al, 2010;Zeng et al, 2021) or anti-penetration performances (Mohotti et al, 2015(Mohotti et al, , 2014Huang et al, 2018 ) of metal structures. Dinesh et al (2021) conducted numerical simulations to study the anti-explosion performances of PU-reinforced steel plates with different coating methods and different coating thicknesses under the impact of different equivalent trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives.…”