Anti‐Dermatophyte and Anti‐Malassezia Activity of Extracts Rich in Polymeric Flavan‐3‐ols Obtained from Vitis vinifera Seeds

Abstract

Several human skin diseases are associated with fungi as dermatophytes and Malassezia. Skin mycoses are increasing and new alternatives to conventional treatments with improved efficacy and/or safety profiles are desirable. For the first time, the anti-dermatophytes and the anti-Malassezia activities of Vitis vinifera seed extracts obtained from different table and wine cultivars have been evaluated. Geometric minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from 20 to 97 µg/mL for dermatophytes and from 32 to 161 µg/mL for Malassezia furfur. Dried grape seed extracts analyzed by HPLC/DAD/ESI/MS showed different quali-quantitative compositions in terms of monomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for Trichophyton mentagrophytes and for M. furfur were inversely correlated with the amount of the polymeric fraction (r = -0.7639 and r = -0.7228, respectively). Differently, the antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes was not correlated to the content of flavan-3-ol monomers (r = 0.2920) and only weakly correlated for M. furfur (r = -0.53604). These results suggest that extracts rich in polymeric flavan-3-ols, recovered from V. vinifera seeds, could be used for the treatment of skin fungal infections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fenugreek Leaf Extract and Its Gel Formulation Show Activity AgainstMalassezia furfur

“…[39][40][41][42][43] Flavonoids and phenolic compounds are known to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant property. 5,[7][8][9] Studies have shown that leaf extracts rich in flavonoids are active against M. furfur. 5,[7][8][9] Recently, it has been shown that polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, show activity against Malassezia globosa by selectively inhibiting Malassezia b-carbonic anhydrase, a validated antidandruff target.…”

“…are responsible for a variety of cutaneous as well as systemic infections such as pityriasis versicolor, malassezia folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and atopic dermatitis. [2][3][5][6][7][8] Furthermore, Malassezia spp.induced skin inflammation can worsen the clinical symptoms of skin ailments such as psoriasis. 3 Finally, the ability of Malassezia spp.…”

“…9 Previously, the potential of extracts and/or purified phytochemicals from Ilex paraguariensis, Dittrichia viscosa, Asparagus racemosus, Hypericumper foratum, Embelia ribes, and Vitis vinifera has been demonstrated for the treatment of infections caused by Malassezia spp. 1,3,5,[7][8]10 Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L., family-Fabaceae) is a leguminous herb grown across the globe, and more prominently in India and many Asian and North African countries. 11 Traditionally, fenugreek has been used by Ayurvedic medicine practitioners for its medicinal properties.…”

Preliminary antifungal activity assay of selected chlorine‐containing derivatives of xanthone and phenoxyethyl amines

“…The aetiological agents and clinical manifestations of superficial mycoses vary between regions and depend on the socioeconomic status of the patients. Dermatophytoses are common superficial infectious diseases caused by dermatophytes, pathogenic fungi which digest keratin ( Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum ) and affect about 20%–30% of human population worldwide . Dermatophytes cause 90% of toenail and 50% of fingernail onychomycosis cases, while 5%–11% of onychomycoses are of mixed aetiology, including both dermatophytes and moulds.…”

“…Treatment of superficial mycoses is also a long and often unsuccessful process. Among antifungal agents recommended in superficial infections treatment, there are azoles, morpholines, allylamines, ciclopirox, polyenic and non‐polyenic antibiotics …”