Abstract.These notes are the written version of two lectures delivered at the VIII Mexican School on Particles and Fields on November 1998. The level of the notes is basic assuming only some knowledge on Statistical Mechanics, General Relativity and YangMills theory. After a brief introduction to the classical and semiclassical aspects of black holes, we review some relevant results on 2+1 quantum gravity. These include the Chern-Simons formulation and its affine Kac-Moody algebra, the asymptotic algebra of Brown and Henneaux, and the statistical mechanics description of 2+1 black holes. Hopefully, this contribution will be complementary with the review paper hepth/9901148 by the same author, and perhaps, a shortcut to some recent developments in three dimensional gravity.
I INTRODUCTIONDuring the last three years we have witnessed a rapid progress in the string theory description of general relativity. Successfull computations of black hole entropy for extremal and near extremal solutions [1,2] have made it clear that the string theory degrees of freedom describes the expected semiclassical behaviour of general relativity. This is in sharp constrast with the more standard approach to quantum gravity either based on the path integral approach or the Wheeler-de Witt equation which has provided little information about the fundamental degrees of freedom giving rise to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. In the Loop representation approach to quantum gravity, a computation of the black hole entropy has been proposed [3,4]. However, in this formulation it is still obscure how to introduce dynamics, and only the kinematics of spin networks is under control.In this contribution we shall consider neither string theory nor loop quantum gravity. Instead, we work in the very simple setting of three-dimensional quantum gravity whose Lagrangian describes a well-defined quantum field theory [5,6]. As motivations to study three-dimensional gravity, let us mention the following aspects of it. (i) It is a mathematically simple theory which combines three important branches of physics: General Relativity, Yang-Mills theory (with a Chern-Simons