Anti-Coronavirus Vaccines: Past Investigations on SARS-CoV-1 and
MERS-CoV, the Approved Vaccines from BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna,
Oxford/AstraZeneca and others under Development Against SARSCoV-
2 Infection

Costanzo, Michele; Giglio, Maria Anna Rachele De; Roviello, Giovanni N.

doi:10.2174/0929867328666210521164809

Cited by 50 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The so-called COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 19) is commonly characterized by severe pneumonia and respiratory symptoms, as well as multi-organ failure and death [3][4][5]. Due to the compelling necessity of pharmacological treatments and effective vaccines, drug repurposing represents one of the most tested approaches [6][7][8][9]. The main cause of systemic inflammatory damage is ascribed to the cytokine storm that is depicted by disproportionate release of proinflammatory cytokines leading to lymphocyte exhaustion and a poor outcome [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Serum Metabolome of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients Reflects Possible Liver Alterations Involving Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

Caterino

Costanzo

Fedele

et al. 2021

IJMS

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COVID-19 is a global threat that has spread since the end of 2019, causing severe clinical sequelae and deaths, in the context of a world pandemic. The infection of the highly pathogenetic and infectious SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been proven to exert systemic effects impacting the metabolism. Yet, the metabolic pathways involved in the pathophysiology and progression of COVID-19 are still unclear. Here, we present the results of a mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomic analysis on a cohort of 52 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, classified according to disease severity as mild, moderate, and severe. Our analysis defines a clear signature of COVID-19 that includes increased serum levels of lactic acid in all the forms of the disease. Pathway analysis revealed dysregulation of energy production and amino acid metabolism. Globally, the variations found in the serum metabolome of COVID-19 patients may reflect a more complex systemic perturbation induced by SARS-CoV-2, possibly affecting carbon and nitrogen liver metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Serum Metabolome of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients Reflects Possible Liver Alterations Involving Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

Caterino

Costanzo

Fedele

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Despite numerous recommendations concerning individual and social preventive measures, including quarantine, wearing a mask, physical distancing, and handwashing, the most effective measure to break the chain of COVID-19 transmission, is still vaccination with effective and safe vaccines [3]. Despite the development of safe vaccines in different platforms [4,5], however, a significant challenge in vaccination planning and implementation is vaccine hesitancy. According to WHO definition, vaccine hesitancy refers to non-acceptance or delay in accepting vaccination, despite its availability [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Barriers, Challenges, and Strategies of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine Acceptance: A Concurrent Mixed-Method Study in Tehran City, Iran

et al. 2021

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Acceptance and willingness to receive the vaccine are among the main factors in the success or failure of a health system in implementing the vaccination program. The present study was conducted in Tehran, the political and economic capital of Iran, to determine the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and identify its associated factors, and explain the most important barriers and acceptance strategies for vaccination. This research was a concurrent quantitative and qualitative mixed-method study. In the quantitative part, 1200 individuals aged more than 18 years were selected from the households in 22 districts of Tehran City, with a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Two questionnaires were used to evaluate the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and vaccine acceptance determinants. The qualitative content analysis method addressed the influencing factors, as well as challenges and strategies related to the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in four groups of Tehran inhabitants: the elderly, people with underlying diseases, healthcare workers, and the general population. The related data were simultaneously collected by applying in-depth semi-structural interviews and a data analysis process. Furthermore, we used the Graneheim and Lundman method for data analysis. We analyzed the data of 1200 people with a mean (SD) age of 46.4 (11.1) years, and approximately 58% of them were men. The vaccine acceptance was 83.6% (95% CI: 81.3–85.9). Among those who welcomed vaccination, 58% preferred the imported vaccines, 25% the Iranian ones, and 17% both. There was a significant association between the variables of age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.01–2.93), being single (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41–0.91), moderate pharmacotherapy adherence (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.4–0.85), and the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Qualitative study after interviewing 45 people from four study groups showed an insufficient social trust in healthcare system officials, pharmaceutical and vaccine production companies; distrust in the effectiveness of the vaccines, concerns about the vaccine adverse effects, being tracked by microchips after vaccination, traditional anti-vaccination movements, the feeling the inessentiality of vaccination, and uncertainty about the fair distribution of the vaccine. These concerns were the main challenges addressed by the study groups. A good proportion of Tehran residents reported their willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, they expressed their critical concerns, such as insufficient trust in the healthcare system, vaccine safeties, and adverse effects that were the significant barriers to vaccine acceptance. It seems that conflicts raised by the shortage of vaccines and their import due to the sanctions have led to intense desire and demand in the general population, and especially the elderly, for vaccination. Besides, vaccination phobia in some individuals requires further investigations.

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“…Vaccines are an effective prophylactic measure for controlling the epidemic. Luckily, in spite of several limitations, there are four types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines authorized for emergency use: the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines such as BBIBP-CorV, the recombinant adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines such as Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine and ChAdOx1, and the mRNA vaccines such as mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 [5][6][7][8]. As for the recombinant subunit vaccine, only one product (ZF2001) based on the tandem-repeat dimeric RBD protein has been permitted for widespread use [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Recombinant RBD Subunit Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2

Sun

Zhu

Fang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) pandemic is a great threat to human society and now is still spreading. Although several vaccines have been authorized for emergency use, only one recombinant subunit vaccine has been permitted for widespread use. More subunit vaccines for COVID-19 should be developed in the future. The receptor binding domain (RBD), located at the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, contains most of the neutralizing epitopes. However, the immunogenicity of RBD monomers is not strong enough. In this study, we fused the RBD-monomer with a modified Fc fragment of human IgG1 to form an RBD-Fc fusion protein. The recombinant vaccine candidate based on the RBD-Fc protein could induce high levels of IgG and neutralizing antibody in mice, and these could last for at least three months. The secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 in the RBD-stimulated splenocytes of immunized mice also increased significantly. Our results first showed that the RBD-Fc vaccine could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and might be an optional strategy to control COVID-19.

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Anti-Coronavirus Vaccines: Past Investigations on SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, the Approved Vaccines from BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, Oxford/AstraZeneca and others under Development Against SARSCoV- 2 Infection

Cited by 50 publications

References 85 publications

The Serum Metabolome of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients Reflects Possible Liver Alterations Involving Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

The Serum Metabolome of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients Reflects Possible Liver Alterations Involving Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

The Barriers, Challenges, and Strategies of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine Acceptance: A Concurrent Mixed-Method Study in Tehran City, Iran

Development of a Recombinant RBD Subunit Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2

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