“…Emotions are defined as “a complex reaction pattern, involving experiential, behavioral and physiological elements by which an individual attempts to deal with a personally significant matter or event” ( emotion—APA Dictionary of Psychology , no date). In terms of consumer–brand relationships, brand hate is the strongest negative emotion toward a brand that a consumer can experience (Fetscherin & Kc, 2021). Therefore, since the induction of this concept, researchers have explored both unidimensional (e.g., Hegner et al., 2017) as well as multidimensional (e.g., Kähr et al., 2016; Romani et al., 2015) nature of brand hate.…”