Anti-conidial Germination Factors Induced in the Presence of Probenazole in Infected Host Leaves. I. Isolation and Properties of Four Active Substances

Shimura, Masaru; Iwata, Masaya; Tashiro, Naoko; Sekizawa, Yasuharu; Suzuki, Yukio; Mase, Sadaaki; Watanabe, Tomoaki

doi:10.1080/00021369.1981.10864717

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The ability of PBZ and BIT to function as chemical SAR activators in Arabidopsis correlates with previous reports that PBZ enhances the activation of defense‐associated proteins and genes, and induces resistance to a wide variety of pathogens in rice (Iwata et al ., 1980; Midoh and Iwata, 1996, Midoh and Iwata, 1997; Sakamoto et al ., 1999; Shimura et al ., 1981; Shimura et al ., 1983; Watanabe et al ., 1977; Watanabe et al ., 1979). Thus it is tempting to speculate that these compounds function analogously in both plant species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis with a novel type of action

et al. 2001

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Summary Probenazole (PBZ; 3‐allyloxy‐1,2‐benzisothiazole‐1,1‐dioxide), which is the active ingredient in Oryzemate, has been used widely in Asia to protect rice plants against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. To study PBZ's mode of action, we analyzed its ability, as well as that of its active metabolite 1, 2‐benzisothiazol‐3 (2H)‐one 1,1‐dioxide (BIT) to induce defense gene expression and resistance in Arabidopsis mutants that are defective in various defense signaling pathways. Wild‐type Arabidopsis treated with PBZ or BIT exhibited increased expression of several pathogenesis‐related genes, increased levels of total salicylic acid (SA), and enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC 3000 and the oomycete pathogen Peronospora parasitica Emco5. The role of several defense signaling hormones, such as SA, ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA), in activating resistance following PBZ or BIT treatment was analyzed using NahG transgenic plants and etr1‐1 and coi1‐1 mutant plants, respectively. In addition, the involvement of NPR1, a key component in the SA signaling pathway leading to defense responses, was assessed. PBZ or BIT treatment did not induce disease resistance or PR‐1 expression in NahG transgenic or npr1 mutant plants, but it did activate these phenomena in etr1‐1 and coi 1‐1 mutant plants. Thus SA and NPR1 appear to be required for PBZ‐ and BIT‐mediated activation of defense responses, while ethylene and JA are not. Furthermore, our data suggest that PBZ and BIT comprise a novel class of defense activators that stimulate the SA/NPR1‐mediated defense signaling pathway upstream of SA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis with a novel type of action

et al. 2001

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“…This chemical induces resistance in various rice varieties to pathogens such as the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial leaf blight pathogen (Shimura et al 1981;Watanabe et al 1977). PBZ is also reported to induce resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco in the presence or absence of the N gene, a resistance gene to TMV (Koganezawa et al 1998).…”

Section: Probenazolementioning

confidence: 98%

cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression in rice plants treated with probenazole, a chemical inducer of disease resistance

Shimono

Yazaki

Nakamura³

et al. 2003

Journal of General Plant Pathology

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Probenazole (3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide; PBZ) is a chemical inducer of disease resistance and has been used practically for protecting crops against pathogen infection. Using cDNA microarray, the expression of 1265 rice genes was monitored in rice plants after PBZ treatment. Ten cDNA clones exhibited more than threefold overexpression in the PBZ-treated plants compared to untreated controls. Some of the induced genes have identities with disease resistance-and pathogenesisrelated genes. The enhanced gene expression was confirmed for 9 of the 10 genes using Northern blot or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Expression of several clones was further investigated using RNA from rice plants infected with blast fungus. Under the conditions used, expression of three genes also showed an increased level of mRNA accumulation in fungus-infected plants. These results suggested that the genes enhanced during PBZ treatment were involved in the interactions between plants and pathogens.

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“…This chemical can also protect rice from other diseases, including bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Shimura et al 1981;Watanabe et al 1979). More importantly, PBZ can prevent pathogen infections in Arabidopsis and tobacco (Koganezawa et al 1998;Yoshioka et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Pathway and Regulation of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis in Probenazole-Treated Arabidopsis

Gao

Wang

et al. 2010

J. Plant Biol.

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Probenazole (PBZ; 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide) is a highly effective chemical inducer of systemic-acquired resistance (SAR). It has been used widely to protect rice plants against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Previous studies have shown that PBZ induces SAR through enhanced accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). Plants synthesize SA by either a pathway that uses phenylalanine as substrate or another that involves isochorismate. To clarify how SA is produced in PBZ-treated Arabidopsis, we examined the expression patterns and enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and isochorismate synthase (ICS), which are the main components of the phenylalanine and isochorismate pathways, respectively. PBZ exposure significantly improved the accumulation of SA and increased ICS activity. In the sid2-2 mutant, which has a defect in ICS1, PBZ had no effect on the level of endogenous SA or activity of ICS. In contrast, PAL activity and the expression of most PAL genes were down-regulated by such treatment in wild-type plants. These results suggest that SA is mainly synthesized via the ICS-mediated pathway in Arabidopsis.

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Anti-conidial Germination Factors Induced in the Presence of Probenazole in Infected Host Leaves. I. Isolation and Properties of Four Active Substances

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis with a novel type of action

Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis with a novel type of action

cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression in rice plants treated with probenazole, a chemical inducer of disease resistance

The Pathway and Regulation of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis in Probenazole-Treated Arabidopsis

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