Anti-CarP antibodies in two large cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship to genetic risk factors, cigarette smoking and other autoantibodies

The role for neutrophil extracellular traps in cystic fibrosis autoimmunity

“…In RA, ACPA formation appears highly associated with HLA-DRB1 haplotype (59). In contrast, ACarPA do not appear to share this association in RA (60). It is possible that as-yet undefined HLA haplotypes are associated with anti-BPI and ACarPA responses (61,62).…”

Laboratory diagnostics and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis — the past and the present

“…The carbamylation reaction has recently been described in immune tolerance disorders, and therefore anti-carP antibodies have been identified in rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, cigarette smoke increases the concentration of cyanate, which may contribute to the increase in carbamylation of proteins [19]. However, no association was observed between the presence of anti-carP antibodies and the presence of PTPN22 gene polymorphism or HLA-DRB1-SE alleles of MHC, which may indicate another biological mechanism resulting in the production of anti-carP antibodies compared to anti-CCP antibodies.…”

“…The focus of researchers is primarily biomarkers useful for assessing disease activity and prognosis of joint damage in patients with RA. Recently, anti-carbamylated (anti-carP) antibodies and calprotectin have been described in RA, which also appears to be promising in the diagnosis of this disease [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

“…Therefore, their determination seems to be important in the diagnostics of undifferentiated inflammation of the joints and in seronegative patients. Moreover, simultaneous assessment of anti-carP and ACPA antibodies may be helpful in identifying patients at risk and those with early-stage disease [19].…”

Meta-Analysis of the Association of HLA-DRB1 with Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive and Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Negative Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Many authorities have tried to clarify the predisposing and protective effects of the HLA alleles for RA. Several studies indicated that the ACPA-status and geographic distribution were essential factors which affected the effects of the HLA alleles on RA [28] [29]. Previous studies also have shown that the effects of the various subtypes in RA susceptibility were discordant indifferent regions and nationalities [13]; thus the stratification by geographical differences was performed in our meta-analysis.…”