Anti-cancer effect of ursolic acid activates apoptosis through ROCK/PTEN mediated mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 in prostate cancer

Tsao

2016

IJMS

Apoptosis functions as a common mechanism to eliminate unnecessary or damaged cells during cell renewal and tissue development in multicellular organisms. More than 200 proteins constitute complex networks involved in apoptotic regulation. Imbalanced expressions of apoptosis-related factors frequently lead to malignant diseases. The biological functions of several apoptotic factors are manipulated through alternative splicing mechanisms which expand gene diversity by generating discrete variants from one messenger RNA precursor. It is widely observed that alternatively-spliced variants encoded from apoptosis-related genes exhibit differential effects on apoptotic regulation. Alternative splicing events are meticulously regulated by the interplay between trans-splicing factors and cis-responsive elements surrounding the regulated exons. The major focus of this review is to highlight recent studies that illustrate the influences of alternative splicing networks on apoptotic regulation which participates in diverse cellular processes and diseases.

Section: Overview Of Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Impacts of Alternative Splicing Networks on Apoptosis

Tsao

2016

IJMS

Natural Product Communications

“…18 Recently, bioassay of TAs against different human cancer cell lines has been extensively described. 10,19,20 Based on their considerable anticancer activity and probably the high demand for the drugs, there is an urgent need to find plant-rich sources of TAs for their production. So far, many plant families including Dilleniaceae, 21 Ericaceae, 22 Euphorbiaceae, 23 Rosaceae, 24 and Myrtaceae 25 have been studied for their TA content.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Triterpenic Acid Content and Cytotoxicity of Some Salvia Species From Iran

Abdollahi-Ghehi

Sonboli

Ebrahimi

et al. 2019

For prosperous domestication, breeding, and cultivation of a herbal species, it is important to screen its medicinally valuable compounds as well as its referred biological activity. Salvia L. species (Lamiaceae), distributed throughout the world, contain a wide range of secondary metabolites including terpenoids and phenolic derivatives. Betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid (OA), and ursolic acid (UA) are highly valuable triterpenic acids (TAs) because of their wide range of biological activities. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the BA, OA, and UA contents among 22 Salvia species native to Iran. TA content in the studied Salvia species was compared with that in Salvia officinalis as a commercial species. High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector results showed that the maximum content of BA (3.12 ± 0.03 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and OA (1.96 ± 0.05 mg/g DW) was determined in Salvia multicaulis. The highest content of UA (4.34 ± 0.1 mg/g DW) was quantified in S. officinalis L. followed by S. multicaulis (3.71 ± 0.08 mg/g DW). Salvia multicaulis exhibited significantly higher agro-morphological values than S. officinalis in traits related to plant width, leaf length, internode length, and inflorescence length. The cytotoxicities of both species were determined against human cancer cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The methanolic extract of S. multicaulis and S. officinalis showed cytotoxic effects against SH-SY5Y and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. Both species were equally cytotoxic against the HL-60 cell line. This study provides scope for the selection of high-yielding species and genetic improvement through breeding and biotechnological programs in the future.

“…The cynaratriol biological effects are not elucidated, while for ursolic acid has been demonstrated to exert anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on mouse brain injury model by activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway [54], moreover its anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects were also proven [55,56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Chemomapping of Phytoconstituents from Different Extracts of Globe Artichoke - Cynara Scolymus L.

et al. 2017

ABSTRACT. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a well-known herb for its efficiency in the prevention/treatment of liver injuries, among other human chronic diseases. The aim of present study was to analyse the phytoconstituents content of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts obtained from the leaves of artichoke. The chemomapping was carried out using UHPLC-ESI-MS. Several new and some known phytoconstituents were identified in the two type of extracts that have slightly different composition profiles. The newly found phytoconstituents in artichoke, plead for multiple health promoting effects that have presumably more stochastic than determinative features. Therefore, further experiments are needed using such extracts, and based on a system biology approach to clarify the complexity of beneficial effects of artichoke.