Anti-Biofilms’ Activity of Garlic and Thyme Essential Oils against Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

Biofilm control by essential oil (EO) application has recently increased to preclude biofilm production on foods and environmental surfaces. In this work, the anti-biofilm effects of garlic and thyme essential oils using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Salmonella typhimurium recovered from different abattoir samples were investigated along with the virulence genes (InvA, SdiA and Stn genes), and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. typhimurium as well. The obtained results revealed that S. typhimurium contaminated abattoir samples to varying degrees. The InvA gene was investigated in all isolates, whereas the SdiA and Stn genes were observed in four and three isolates, respectively. Utilizing the disc diffusion method, S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated substantial resistance to most of the examined antibiotics with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index. S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated biofilm formation abilities to various degrees at varied temperatures levels (4 °C and 37 °C). In conclusion, the obtained samples from the research area are regarded as a potential S. typhimurium contamination source. Furthermore, garlic essential oil (GEO) has more potential to inhibit S. typhimurium biofilm at different sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations as compared to thyme essential oil (TEO). Therefore, these EOs are considered as potential natural antibacterial options that could be applied in food industry.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Backhousia citriodora Essential Oil

“…However, the biofilms of K. pneumoniae appeared to be less sensitive to being inhibited or eradicated by BCEO than by streptomycin in this study. Several recent reports revealed that the bacteria biofilm could be inhibited or eradicated effectively by EOs, including clove basil oil [ 88 ], tea tree oil [ 89 ], cedar oil [ 90 ], and garlic and thyme oil [ 91 ]. Recently, Cáceres et al [ 92 ] reported that EO from Lippia origanoides showed detrimental effects against biofilm formation in E. coli O33, E. coli O157:H7, and S. epidermidis ATCC12228, with percentages of biofilm inhibition of 75%, 73%, and 74%, respectively.…”

Role of Biofilm in Bacterial Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance

“…An increase in drug resistance at both the levels in the community and hospital levels is shown by multidrug resistance and pan resistance which leads to treatment failure increased mortality and morbidity which causes an impact on the cost of medical treatment and prevention of bacterial infectious disease. 27 Biofilm causes antibiotic resistance through processes like chromosomally encoded resistant gene, restriction of antibiotics, reduction of growth rate, and host immunity. 16 Knowledge of biofilm formation and antibiogram of bacterial isolates are important for empirical antibiotic therapy.…”

Essential Oils from Mediterranean Plants Inhibit In Vitro Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells from Umbilical Cords of Females with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…Much evidence from in vitro and animal studies proves that EOs have multiple biological activities, such as anticancer [ 4 , 5 ], antiviral [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], antibacterial [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], antifungal [ 14 , 15 ], antibiofilm [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], anti-inflammatory [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], and antioxidant [ 19 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] effects, which constitute the starting point for the in vivo assessment of those properties in various therapeutic and cosmetic fields [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Nevertheless, since great consideration has been given to the effective use of EOs in clinical procedures, further systematic animal studies and clinical investigations are needed.…”