Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Fermented Fresh Coffee Bean, Soybean and Rice Bran Extracts

Abstract

Fermented fresh coffee bean, soybean and rice bran extracts (FCSRE, Guardox TM) is a mixture of aqueous extract of fresh coffee beans, rice bran, and soybeans fermented with Bacillus subtilis Natto. Superoxide anion and hydroxy radical were effectively trapped by FCSRE, as shown by electron spin resonance experiments. Thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS) formation in human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by copper ion was inhibited by adding FCSRE (0.1 mg/dl) in vitro. Male New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to two groups, control rabbits (n‫)8؍‬ were fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol for 12 weeks, and experimental rabbits (n‫)8؍‬ were fed a 1% cholesterol diet with added 5% FCSRE (2 g/kg body weight/day). Although plasma cholesterol levels rapidly increased after initiation of the high cholesterol diet, no statistical difference was observed between the control and experimental groups. After 12 weeks, sera were sampled, rabbits were sacrificed, and aortas were removed. TBARS formation in LDL induced by copper ion was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group. Lag time of LDL oxidation was also significantly longer in the experimental group. FCSRE administration significantly inhibited the TBARS formation in the aorta compared with the control animals. There was a significant difference in the aortic area covered with atherosclerotic lesions between the experimental and the control groups (53.7؎16.3 % vs. 36.2؎8.18%, pϽ Ͻ0.05). These results suggest that FCSRE may be a promising material for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Acute Pre-/Post-Treatment with 8th Day SOD-Like Supreme (a Free Radical Scavenging Health Product) Protects against Oxidant-Induced Injury in Cultured Cardiomyocytes and Hepatocytes In Vitro as Well as in Mouse Myocardium and Liver In Vivo

“…SOD-Like Supreme was supplied by Health Science Group Holdings Limited (Hong Kong SAR, China). The chemical composition of SOD-Like Supreme has previously been reported [ 9 , 10 ] ( Table 1 ). SOD-Like Supreme was packaged in plastic vials using an aseptic vacuum technique that guarantees its effectiveness for 1.5 years without the addition of preservatives.…”

“…The results of the chemical analysis are based on earlier studies [9,10] as well as on those obtained from the Japan Food Analysis Center. …”

“…The main components of SOD-Like Supreme are germ extract (an extract of fermented fresh coffee bean, soybean and rice bran), oligosaccharides, green tea extract and ascorbic acid. The chemical analysis of the germ extract has shown it to contain flavonols (such as (+)-epigallocatechin gallate, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epicatechin and d -(+)-catechin), nucleic acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals [ 9 , 10 ]. The free radical scavenging activity of SOD-Like Supreme may be beneficial for protecting against oxidant-induced tissue injury.…”

Raffinee in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: An Open‐Labeled Clinical Trial

“…The main components of Raffinee are GMT (Guardox), which is fermented, and infrared extracts from a mixture of rice germ, soybean, green tea, and coffee bean. It contains polyphenols (flavonols, genistein, and chlorogenic acid), proteins, minerals, and carbohydrates 13. Each unit of Raffinee prepared for this preliminary clinical study contains 10 mL of transparent brown‐colored liquid filled by aseptic vacuum technique in a plastic cup covered by a special sheet to preserve the product for 2 years without the use of preservatives.…”

Hypotensive Effect of Rice Bran Discarded after Heshiko Processing

“…Fresh rice bran has been shown to contain various nutritional compounds, including vitamins and oils (Iwai and Yokomizo, 1967;Shimizu et al, 1957;Kato et al, 1981), as well as exhibiting various physiological functions (NaraiKanayama et al, 2007;Saito et al, 1992;Kaneda et al, 2006;Fujita et al, 2006;Hiwatari et al, 2010;Arimura et al, 2003;Inokuchi et al, 2003;Aoe et al, 1989;Ayano et al, 1980;Naito et al, 2003), such as angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (Narai-Kanayama et al, 2007;Saito et al, 1992), and antioxidative effects (Kaneda et al, 2006;Fujita et al, 2006). Fresh rice bran contains about 13% crude protein (w/w) on a wet basis (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 1982).…”