Anti-asthma and antitussive effects of a fermented extract of a mixture of Ramulus mori, Anthriscus sylvestris, and Salvia plebeian

Abstract

Respiratory immunity is getting more important recently due to outbreak of respiratory diseases and increasing the concentration of fine dust. The aim of this study was to investigate respiratory protection effect of a fermented extract of medicinal plants (FEMP) containing Ramulus mori, Salvia plebeia , and Anthriscus sylvestris . The expression levels of IL-8 and IL-17 in LPS/poly-L-arginine (PLA) and FEMP-cotreated A549 cells were lower than those in LPS/PLA only-treated cells. The levels of IgE, IL-17, and IL-4 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of FEMP-treated mice with ovalbumin/LPS-induced asthma were lower than the control levels. The lung inflammation score and the number of inflammatory cells in the BALF decreased by FEMP treatment. In the citric acid-induced coughing guinea pig, the FEMP treatment decreased the number of coughs. Therefore, FEMP shows anti-asthmatic and antitussive activities without hepatotoxicity and can be used as a compound aiming to improve respiratory health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00955-3.

Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr alleviates tracheal smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin‐induced allergic‐asthma model in guinea‐pigs: Evidences from ex vivo, in silico and in vivo studies

“…Allergic asthma is an example of type I hypersensitivity, where IgE plays an important role. Similarly, levels of Th2 cytokines (IL‐4 and IL‐13) and TNF‐α are sensitive mediators that could significantly contribute to the development of lungs dysfunction [24]. Thus, we examined levels of these cytokines in BALF to assess the level of recovery demonstrated by F‐2 in ovalbumin‐induced guinea‐pigs.…”

Anthriscus sylvestris—Noxious Weed or Sustainable Source of Bioactive Lignans?

“…In another study, an extract of A. sylvestris was combined with Ramulus mori and Salvia plebeian. The researchers examined the effects of a fermented extract of these medicinal plants, which demonstrated antiasthmatic and antitussive properties without causing hepatotoxicity, thus offering the potential for enhancing respiratory well-being [ 105 ].…”

Fermented Food in Asthma and Respiratory Allergies—Chance or Failure?

“…Indeed, fermentation-associated microorganisms and bioactive molecules exhibited significant reduction in the IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 concentration and Th2 cytokine-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation, including reduction of IgE class switching (IL-4), eosinophils recruitment (IL-5), smooth muscle hyperreactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia and submucosal gland hyperplasia, and mucus hyperproduction (IL-13) [ 70 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. Additionally, fermented foods have been shown to suppress the Th2-mediated allergic response by induction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Treg), which strongly downregulated Th2 cytokines production and inhibited the development and differentiation of Th2 cells [ 68 , 69 , 72 , 79 ]. The in vivo results suggest that LAB and other fermented food components also have the ability to attenuate IgE production [ 40 , 73 , 79 , 81 ].…”

“…Additionally, fermented foods have been shown to suppress the Th2-mediated allergic response by induction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Treg), which strongly downregulated Th2 cytokines production and inhibited the development and differentiation of Th2 cells [ 68 , 69 , 72 , 79 ]. The in vivo results suggest that LAB and other fermented food components also have the ability to attenuate IgE production [ 40 , 73 , 79 , 81 ]. The reduction of the serum total IgE and antigen-specific IgE in the immune study models using OVA-immunized mice may be related to upregulation of the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and a decrease in maturation of B lymphocytes [ 72 ].…”

“…The anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effectiveness was also confirmed for the fermented extract of medicinal plants consisting of Ramulus mori , Salvia plebeia, and Anthriscus sylvestris in the experimental study using cells from the human lung epithelium in vitro and an OVA/LPS-induced asthma mouse model in vivo. The administration of this extract significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-17), which in turn decreased IgE level and inflammatory cell infiltration in the BALF and hence alleviated lung tissue inflammation [ 79 ]. The anti-allergic activity of the extract is most likely due to rosmarinic acid and polyphenolic molecule oxyresveratrol, both of which are known to exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway [ 47 , 48 ].…”