Anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) proteins from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst

Abstract

BackgroundGanoderma lucidum has been purported as a potent remedy in the treatment and prevention of several ailments, including hypertension. This study aimed to explore the anti-ACE potential of protein fractions from the mycelia of G. lucidum.MethodsGanoderma lucidum mycelia were cultivated by submerged fermentation in a liquid medium containing brown sugar and spent brewer’s yeast. Intracellular proteins were fractionated from mycelia crude water extract by ammonium sulphate precipitation, and their angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity was evaluated. The potential anti-ACE protein fractions were further separated by RP-HPLC and characterised using proteomics platforms.ResultsPreliminary result demonstrated that the mycelia crude water extract inhibited ACE at IC50 value of 1.134 ± 0.036 mg/mL. Following protein fractionation and HPLC purification, the presence of highly potential anti-ACE proteins with the IC50 values less than 200 μg/mL was detected. Characterisation of these proteins demonstrated the presence of four different antihypertensive-related proteins involved in the regulation of blood pressure through different mechanisms.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the mycelia of G. lucidum has high potential in lowering blood pressure level due to the presence of several antihypertensive-related proteins such as cystathionine beta synthase-like protein, DEAD/DEAH box helicase-like protein, paxillin-like protein, and alpha/beta hydrolase-like protein.

Hypotensive and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities ofEisenia fetidaExtract in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…Some biologically active compounds were recently isolated from various traditional herb drugs and have been shown to have ACE inhibitory activity [ 13 – 15 ]. Earthworm, which is also called Dilong in China, has long been used as a traditional medicine.…”

“…It has been shown that inhibition of the production of Ang II by ACE inhibitors can produce strong hypotensive effects and protective effects on cardiovascular organs [ 4 , 12 ]. Recently, efforts have been made to find new drugs that possess ACE inhibitory activity [ 13 – 15 ].…”

A Tricholoma matsutake Peptide with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidative Activities and Antihypertensive Effects in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…Recently, many reports on bioactive natural ACE inhibitors from food sources, e.g., milk, turtle egg white, soybean, sweet potato etc have appeared 7 8 . ACE inhibitory peptides and proteins have also been successfully purified from edible mushrooms, such as Grifola frondosa 9 , Pholiota adiposa 10 , Pleurotus cornucopiae 11 , Pleurotus cystidiosus 12 , Tricholoma giganteum 13 , Hypsizygus marmoreus 14 , Agaricus bisporus 15 , Leucopaxillus tricolor and Ganoderma lucidum 16 .…”

Connection of Ganoderma Lucidum with Health

“…38 A previous study found that G. lucidum mycelium has a high blood pressure-lowering potential depending on anti-ACE proteins. 96 However,Lee and Rhee suggested an alternative mechanism of G. lucidum extract-mediated hypotension. On the other hand, G. lucidum extracts inhibit sympathetic nerve movements in the central nervous system, and this causes a hypotensive effect without any modification in the heart rate.…”