Anti-Androgenic Therapies Targeting the Luminal Androgen Receptor of a Typical Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Khadela, Avinash; Chavda, Vivek P.; Soni, Shruti; Megha, Kaivalya; Pandya, Aanshi J.; Vora, Lalitkumar K.

doi:10.3390/cancers15010233

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The LAR type is driven via the AR signaling pathway, and the level of AR expression in the LAR is negatively correlated with PFS and OS in TNBC patients [ 39 , 40 ]. Currently, researchers have explored many AR inhibitors for TNBC therapy [ 41 ] (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Tnbc-related Targeted Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in targeted strategies for triple-negative breast cancer

Zhu,

Wu,

Song

et al. 2023

J Hematol Oncol

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, negatively expresses estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although chemotherapy is the main form of treatment for patients with TNBC, the effectiveness of chemotherapy for TNBC is still limited. The search for more effective therapies is urgent. Multiple targeted therapeutic strategies have emerged according to the specific molecules and signaling pathways expressed in TNBC. These include PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, Notch inhibitors, poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates. Moreover, immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab, are widely explored in the clinic. We summarize recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy in TNBC, with the aim of serving as a reference for the development of individualized treatment of patients with TNBC in the future.

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Section: Tnbc-related Targeted Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in targeted strategies for triple-negative breast cancer

Zhu,

Wu,

Song

et al. 2023

J Hematol Oncol

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“…The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype accounts for about 15-20% of breast tumors and lacks all three of the receptors mentioned above [3] (Figure 1). The prognosis for the different cancer subtypes varies from excellent for luminal subtype A to least favorable for TNBC, which has limited treatment options [4]. prognosis for the different cancer subtypes varies from excellent for luminal subtype A to least favorable for TNBC, which has limited treatment options [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prognosis for the different cancer subtypes varies from excellent for luminal subtype A to least favorable for TNBC, which has limited treatment options [4]. prognosis for the different cancer subtypes varies from excellent for luminal subtype A to least favorable for TNBC, which has limited treatment options [4]. Nowadays, the treatment of breast cancer is based on four main strategies: surgery, radiotherapy, systemic treatment, and immunotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epigenetics, Microbiota, and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Soldado-Gordillo,

Álvarez-Mercado

2024

Life

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Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. According to recent studies, alterations in the microbiota and epigenetic modulations are risk factors for this disease. This systematic review aims to determine the possible associations between the intestinal and mammary microbial populations, epigenetic modifications, and breast cancer. To achieve this objective, we conducted a literature search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Although no results are yet available in humans, studies in mice suggest a protective effect of maternal dietary interventions with bioactive compounds on the development of breast tumors in offspring. These dietary interventions also modified the gut microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa and preventing mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, short-chain fatty acids produced by the microbiota act as epigenetic modulators. Furthermore, some authors indicate that stress alters the gut microbiota, promoting breast tumor growth through epigenetic and gene expression changes in the breast tumor microenvironment. Taken together, these findings show the ability of epigenetic modifications and alterations of the microbiota associated with environmental factors to modulate the development, aggressiveness, and progression of breast cancer.

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“…Booster vaccines and hybrid immunity (immunity developed from both vaccina�on and previous SARS-CoV-2 infec�on) consistently provide high protec�on against Omicron-related severe disease, but their effec�veness wanes over �me [16][17][18]; furthermore, many monoclonal an�bodies previously used to treat people infected with SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated reduced neutraliza�on and binding affinity to the Omicron variant and its sublineages [19,20]. Pa�ents with severe comorbidi�es are s�ll at increased risk of poor outcomes when infected with the Omicron variant, including progression to severe disease and death [21][22][23]. Addi�onally, pa�ents with severe comorbidity burden and immunocompromised pa�ents, including those on hemodialysis [24], are likely to be at more risk from prolonged viral shedding and viral persistence [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensitrelvir Fumaric Acid in Patients with SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Chart Review

Yamato,

Kinoshita,

Miyazawa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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IntroductionAntivirals with differing mechanisms of action are needed for COVID-19 treatment; remdesivir is mainly used in hospitalized patients, but additional antivirals are needed in this setting. Ensitrelvir, a 3C-like protease inhibitor, received emergency approval in Japan in November 2022, based on evidence of rapid symptom resolution in non-hospitalized patients, but confirmation of its efficacy in hospitalized patients is lacking.Case presentationsThis case series reports outcomes for all patients who received ensitrelvir whilst hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection at Rinku General Medical Center, Japan (November 2022– April 2023). Thirty-two hospitalized patients received five days of ensitrelvir treatment (375/125 mg). Mean age was 73.5 years and most patients had mild COVID-19. Patients exhibited various underlying diseases, most commonly hypertension (78.1%) and chronic kidney disease (25.0%). Seven (21.9%) patients were on hemodialysis. The most common concomitant medications were antihypertensives (59.4%) and corticosteroids (31.2%); two (6.3%) patients were being treated with rituximab; 27 (84.4%) patients had viral persistence following pre-treatment remdesivir failure. Following ensitrelvir treatment, all patients experienced clinical improvement as assessed by the investigator. No ICU admissions or deaths due to COVID-19 occurred. Viral clearance was recorded in 18 (56.3%) patients by day 5 and 25 (78.1%) patients at final measurement. No new safety signals were observed.DiscussionThis case series represents ensitrelvir clinical efficacy in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 in a real-world setting. Most patients experienced persistent viral shedding despite pre-treatment with antivirals, and most were considered high-risk due to underlying conditions. Despite this, no patients experienced progression of COVID-19 to severe or critical disease, including those who failed prior remdesivir treatment. The antiviral activity of ensitrelvir demonstrated here indicates it is a viable treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting.ConclusionEnsitrelvir was associated with potent antiviral activity and positive clinical outcomes in high-risk, hospitalized patients with various comorbidities.Trial RegistrationUMIN000051300Key Summary PointsWhy carry out this study?Real-world evidence of ensitrelvir for the treatment of COVID-19, especially in inpatient settings, is required.This was a retrospective cohort analysis, consisting of 32 high-risk hospitalized patients with a range of disease severities and comorbidities, including patients who had experienced remdesivir treatment failure.What was learned from the study?All patients experienced clinical improvement following ensitrelvir treatment, without any worsening COVID-19.Viral clearance was documented in 78.1% of patients at final viral measurement.No new safety signals of ensitrelvir were observed in this analysis.

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Anti-Androgenic Therapies Targeting the Luminal Androgen Receptor of a Typical Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 86 publications

Recent advances in targeted strategies for triple-negative breast cancer

Recent advances in targeted strategies for triple-negative breast cancer

Epigenetics, Microbiota, and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Ensitrelvir Fumaric Acid in Patients with SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Chart Review

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