Anti-Americanism: It's the Policies

Cole, Juan

doi:10.1086/ahr.111.4.1120

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Commentators have argued at length over why Muslims in particular might adopt such a stance, with most explanations settling into one of two categories. Instead, they contend that Muslims dislike the United States not for who Americans are, but rather for what Americans do (e.g., Abdallah 2003;Cole 2006;Shore 2005;Tessler 2003). Paz (2003, 53), for example, writes that Islamists--those who advocate the formal integration of Muslim social and religious precepts into government--view conflict with the United States as a "war of cultures" and that "the nature of Islamist anti-Americanism is cultural rather than military or political."…”

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confidence: 99%

Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World

2012

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T he battle for public opinion in the Islamic world is an ongoing priority for U.S. diplomacy. The current debate over why many Muslims hold anti-American views revolves around whether they dislike fundamental aspects of American culture and government, or what Americans do in international affairs. We argue, instead, that Muslim anti-Americanism is predominantly a domestic, eliteled phenomenon that intensifies when there is greater competition between Islamist and secular-nationalist political factions within a country. Although more observant Muslims tend to be more anti-American, paradoxically the most anti-American countries are those in which Muslim populations are less religious overall, and thus more divided on the religious-secular issue dimension. We provide case study evidence consistent with this explanation, as well as a multilevel statistical analysis of public opinion data from nearly 13,000 Muslim respondents in 21 countries.

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confidence: 99%

Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World

2012

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“…Finally, the last hypothesis attributes the support for suicide bombing against Americans and Westerners to the resentment against U.S. support of Israel (Waterbury 2003;Cole 2006). Under this hypothesis, suicide attacks against Americans and Westerners are justified as an extreme tactic to make U.S. military and political support of Israel unsustainable.…”

Section: Three Alternative Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does U.S. Soft Power Have Consequences for U.S. Security? Evidence from Popular Support for Suicide Bombing

Chiozza¹

2015

kjis

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“…5 Under Case 3, if the respondent's subjective expected value were an underestimate of the true value of a cT , the respondent should revise his subjective belief about the event upwards upon receipt of information, i.e., E it+1 (a CT ) > E it (a CT ). 6 Then, since the belief enters positively in the formation of attitudes ( itT > 0), attitudes should be revised upwards; the converse would be observed for overestimations in prior beliefs about the information. This would be the case regardless of whether the weight assigned to the action is unchanged or changing: since saliency should lead only to a greater weight allocation to the action, a changing weight should lead to even greater revisions.…”

Section: Systematic Revision Of Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternate explanation is that American foreign policy drives anti-Americanism (Cole, 2006;Esposito, 2007). 1 An additional factor in the Muslim world is the well-known anti-Western slant of media coverage and the manipulation of public perceptions by political leaders and agencies (Ajami, 2001;Fair, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Deeply Held Are Anti-American Attitudes Among Pakistani Youth? Evidence Using Experimental Variation in Information

Delavande

Zafar

2012

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThis paper investigates how attitudes toward the United States are affected by the provision of information. We use an experimentally generated panel of attitudes, obtained by providing urban Pakistanis with fact-based statements describing the United States in either a positive or negative light. Anti-American sentiment is high and heterogenous in our sample at the baseline. We fi nd that revised attitudes are, on average, signifi cantly different from baseline attitudes, indicating that providing information had a meaningful effect on U.S. favorability. Observed revisions are a consequence of both the salience of already known information and information acquisition that leads to a convergence in attitudes across respondents with different priors. This analysis provides evidence that (i) public opinions are not purely a cultural phenomenon and are malleable, and (ii) the tendency of respondents to ignore information not aligned with their priors can be overcome. Our fi ndings make the case for dissemination of accurate information about various aspects of the Pakistan-U.S. relationship in order to improve opinion toward the United States.

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Anti-Americanism: It's the Policies

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World

Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World

Does U.S. Soft Power Have Consequences for U.S. Security? Evidence from Popular Support for Suicide Bombing

How Deeply Held Are Anti-American Attitudes Among Pakistani Youth? Evidence Using Experimental Variation in Information

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