Anti-Aging Effects of Gyrophoric Acid on UVA-Irradiated Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Shim, Joong-Hyun

doi:10.1177/1934578x20919545

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, gyrophoric acid exerted a photoprotective effect on HaCaT cells with a sun protection factor (SPF) of (SPF > 5) [ 120 , 121 ]. Anti-aging effects were also investigated on ultraviolet A (UVA)-treated dermal fibroblasts, showing upregulated mRNA levels of COL1A1/COL3A1/SOD2 genes and type I collagen protein levels [ 122 ].…”

Section: Pharmacological Activity Of Lichen Depsides and Tridepsidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen Depsides and Tridepsides: Progress in Pharmacological Approaches

Hernández-Martín

González-Burgos

Divakar

et al. 2023

JoF

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Depsides and tridepsides are secondary metabolites found in lichens. In the last 10 years, there has been a growing interest in the pharmacological activity of these compounds. This review aims to discuss the research findings related to the biological effects and mechanisms of action of lichen depsides and tridepsides. The most studied compound is atranorin, followed by gyrophoric acid, diffractaic acid, and lecanoric acid. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities are among the most investigated activities, mainly in in vitro studies, with occasional in silico and in vivo studies. Clinical trials have not been conducted using depsides and tridepsides. Therefore, future research should focus on conducting more in vivo work and clinical trials, as well as on evaluating the other activities. Moreover, despite the significant increase in research work on the pharmacology of depsides and tridepsides, there are many of these compounds which have yet to be investigated (e.g., hiascic acid, lassalic acid, ovoic acid, crustinic acid, and hypothamnolic acid).

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Section: Pharmacological Activity Of Lichen Depsides and Tridepsidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen Depsides and Tridepsides: Progress in Pharmacological Approaches

Hernández-Martín

González-Burgos

Divakar

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…Besides this, GA has been proven to have potent anti-aging effects. According to Shim (2020) , GA prevented skin aging in normal HDF cells exposed to UV-A radiation. Even after the HDF tissue had been exposed to UV-A, GA increased the mRNA level of specific collagen-encoding genes.…”

Section: Pharmacological Importance Of Tridepsidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tridepsides as potential bioactives: a review on their chemistry and the global distribution of their lichenic and non-lichenic natural sources

Norouzi

Sohrabi

Yousefi

et al. 2023

Front. Fungal Biol.

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Tridepsides, as fully oxidized polyketides, have been known to exist in lichens for more than a century. Recent studies have showed that these possible defensive lichenochemicals possess various biological activities. Also, a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster was recently reported for gyrophoric acid (GA), an important tridepside. The present study focused on biosynthesis, natural sources, biological activities, and bioanalytical methods of tridepside molecules. Our survey shows that, so far, lichenic tridepsides have been reported from 37 families, 111 genera, and 526 species of lichen. Because many of their species contain tridepsides, the families Parmeliaceae, Lobariaceae, and Peltigeraceae can be considered critical lichenic sources of tridepsides. Furthermore, several species of Hypotrachyna in Parmeliaceae family showed lichenic tridepsides, suggesting that this genus is a viable source of tridepsides. This research also explored tridepsides from non-lichenic sources, such as non-lichenized fungi, lichenicolous fungi, endophytes, parasites, and liverworts, which offer substantial potential as biotechnological sources to produce tridepsides, which are produced in small amounts in lichen thalli. Two lichenic tridepsides have also been detected in non-lichenic sources: GA and tenuiorin (TE). Additionally, no significant correlation was found between tridepside biosynthesis and geographical distribution patterns for several potentially tridepside-producing lichens. We further showed that GA is the most studied tridepside with various reported biological activities, including anticancer, wound healing, photoprotection, anti-aging, antioxidant, cardiovascular effect, DNA interaction, anti-diabetes, anti-Alzheimer’s, anti-bacterial, and antifungal. Last but not least, this study provides an overview of some bioanalytical methods used to analyze tridepsides over the past few years.

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“…These are associated with the production of type I collagen, which also increases with gyrophoric acid treatment. In addition, it was found that it also decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, proteins that degrade mature collagen molecules during the aging process [ 74 ].…”

Section: Lichen Species Of Pharmaceutical Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Lichen Secondary Metabolites and Their Presence in Species from Chile

Poulsen-Silva,

Gordillo-Fuenzalida,

Atala

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of at least one fungal and one algal species. They are found in different environments around the world, even in the poles and deserts. Some species can withstand extreme abiotic conditions, including radiation and the vacuum of space. Their chemistry is mainly due to the fungal metabolism and the production of several secondary metabolites with biological activity, which have been isolated due to an increasing interest from the pharmaceutical community. However, beyond the experimental data, little is known about their mechanisms of action and the potential pharmaceutical use of these kinds of molecules, especially the ones isolated from lesser-known species and/or lesser-studied countries. The main objective of this review is to analyze the bibliographical data of the biological activity of secondary metabolites from lichens, identifying the possible mechanisms of action and lichen species from Chile. We carried out a bibliographic revision of different scientific articles in order to collect all necessary information on the biological activity of the metabolites of these lichen species. For this, validated databases were used. We found the most recent reports where in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the biological properties of these metabolites. The biological activity, namely anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, of 26 secondary metabolites are described, as well as their reported molecular mechanisms. The most notable metabolites found in this review were usnic acid, atranorin, protolichesterinic acid, and lobaric acid. Usnic acid was the most investigated metabolite, in addition to undergoing toxicological and pharmacological studies, where a hepatotoxicity effect was reported due to uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, no major studies have been made to validate the pharmacological application of these metabolites, and few advancements have been made in their artificial growth in bioreactors. Despite the described biological activities, there is little support to consider these metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations or to evaluate them in clinical trials. Nevertheless, it is important to carry out further studies regarding their possible human health effects. These lichen secondary metabolites present a promising research opportunity to find new pharmaceutical molecules due to their bioactive properties.

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Anti-Aging Effects of Gyrophoric Acid on UVA-Irradiated Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Lichen Depsides and Tridepsides: Progress in Pharmacological Approaches

Lichen Depsides and Tridepsides: Progress in Pharmacological Approaches

Tridepsides as potential bioactives: a review on their chemistry and the global distribution of their lichenic and non-lichenic natural sources

Bioactive Lichen Secondary Metabolites and Their Presence in Species from Chile

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