Anti‐adipogenic β‐sitosterol and lupeol from Moringa oleifera suppress adipocyte differentiation through regulation of cell cycle progression

Abstract

Triterpenes and phytosterols enriched herbal formulations are known for glucose regulation and lipid metabolism. In this study, triterpenes and phytosterols from Moringa oleifera stem bark have been tested for their role in adipocyte differentiation. Chromatographic analysis revealed a wide range of phenolics, highlighting the presence of flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin), terpenoids (lupeol), and phytosterol (stigmasterol, β‐sitosterol). Lupeol and β‐sitosterol reduced cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner showcasing increased G1 phase cell accumulation while reducing other cell cycle phases (S and G2/M) and significant lowering of intracellular lipid accumulation. Additionally, lupeol (35.37% at 32 μM) and β‐sitosterol (42.97% at 16 μM) inhibited reactive oxygen species generation and increased glucose uptake in adipocytes. Collectively, our results indicate that lupeol and β‐sitosterol efficaciously attenuated adipogenesis via a controlled cell cycle progression and enhanced glucose uptake in adipocytes. Practical applications Active components of Moringa oleifera effectively regulate adipocyte differentation suggest that it can be good medicial supllement for control of obesity.

Moringa oleifera: Recent Insights for Its Biochemical and Medicinal Applications

“…Te same results were obtained when MO was added to ice cream introduced to rats [179]. In adipocytes, MO has the ability to increase glucose uptake, promote lipolysis, and attenuate adipogenesis by controlling the cell cycle genes [170,180].…”

“…Systemic and topical applications of MO leaf aqueous extract positively improved wound healing in diabetic rats [168]. MO enhanced the regulation of circulating glucose through the regulation of Hsp70 and ILP2 (insulin-like peptide 2) [169] and enhanced the uptake of glucose in adipocytes [170]. It has been approved that the favonoids and polysaccharides isolated from MO leaves had synergistic action to delay glucose difusion, dialysis, and delaying starch digestion [171].…”

Uncovering the molecular mechanism of Mume Fructus in treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome

“…SS patients have a higher risk of malignant tumor and cardiovascular disease in the later stage of the disease. Quercetin, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol have additional effects, specifically, as anti-oxidants and anti-tumor agents, [ 32 – 34 ] reducing the risks of both tumors and cardiovascular disease in patients with advanced SS. Mume Fructus can, therefore, not only reduce the peripheral glandular damage of early SS by modulating inflammation, but also has certain preventive effects on the secondary cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications of SS.…”

Phytochemical Study of Euphorbia turcomanica Boiss.

“…Compound 5 is a commonly occurring phytosterol called β-sitosterol, which is a key component present in plants. Out of the many pharmacological and biological effects that have been reported for this compound over the past decades, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antiadipogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory activities and a role in cardiovascular diseases prevention can be mentioned, reported from recent findings that can be beneficial in drug developments and other therapeutic applications [45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. The hypocholesterolemic effects of E. hirta and its role in curing obesity have been linked to this natural compound [22], as well as the larvicidal activity of E. thymifolia [21].…”

“…(С-3),38.94 (С-4),50.81 (С-5),19.36 (С-6), 28.04 (С-7), 135.19 (С-8), 133.63 (С-9), 37.72 (С-10), 20.95 (С-11), 30.80 (С-12), 37.39 (С-13), 41.13 (С-14), 27.63 (С-15), 36.89 (С-16), 30.93 (С-17), 44.23 (С-18), 34.48 (С-19), 28.47 (С-20), 35.15 (С-21), 36.84 (С-22), 28.18 (С-23), 15.76 (С-24), 19.96 (С-25), 19.14 (С-26), 24.78 (С-27), 31.65 (С-28), 34.74 (С-29), 33.09 (С-30).…”