Anti-Adipogenic Activity of High-Phenolic Sorghum Brans in Pre-Adipocytes

Abstract

Obesity is one of the leading public health problems that can result in life-threatening metabolic and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world and certain genotypes of sorghum have high polyphenol content. PI570481, SC84, and commercially available sumac sorghum are high-polyphenol genotypes that have demonstrated strong anti-cancer activities in previous studies. The objective of this study was to explore a potential anti-obesity use of extracts from sorghum bran in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and to investigate cellular and molecular responses in differentiated adipocytes to elucidate related mechanisms. None of the four different sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, Sumac, and white sorghum as a low-polyphenol control) caused cytotoxicity in undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells at doses used in this study. Sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, and Sumac) reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins in a dose-dependent manner in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The same polyphenol containing sorghum bran extracts also repressed production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPK signaling pathways and repressed insulin signaling and glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. These data propose a potential use of high-phenolic sorghum bran for the prevention of obesity.

Consumer perceptions and antioxidant profiling of acidified cold‐brewed sorghum bran beverages

“…Of the other phenolic compounds tested (via standards), five were quantified below 70 µg/g bran. At the retention time of 17.3 min, taxifolin and luteolinidin were detected at 280 and 510 nm, respectively (Table 2), which differs from previous findings with commercial sumac bran, in which luteolinidin was identified by presenting a small peak at 280 nm and a valley at 320 nm (Lee et al, 2022). Caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and 7-methoxyapigenidin were tested but not detected in the sumac sorghum bran, though they have been found in other sorghum genotypes (Lee et al, 2022).…”

“…Bran from sumac sorghum was selected for value-added beverage development due to its higher levels of antioxidant compounds compared to other commercial varieties and evidence of health benefits (Lee et al, 2021). The sumac sorghum bran used as the primary raw ingredient in this study contained 38.5 mg GAE/g bran (Table 1), which was higher than other reports of commercially available sumac bran (12.4 mg GAE/g from Lee et al [2022]). Aside from genetic and environmental variability in grain production, compositional differences in commercial bran may arise from degree of milling, where lower phenolic endosperm can also be removed during decortication.…”

“…The vanillin-HCl assay was performed to estimate the condensed tannin content according to Herald et al (2012) with modifications described by Lee et al (2022). Briefly, 100 µL of extract was solubilized in 900 µL of 1% HCl and incubated at 30 • C for 5 min.…”

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Profile of Sorghum (Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench) and Pearl Millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.) R.Br.) Grains Cultivated in the Far-North Region of Cameroon

“…They are nutritionally superior to the major cereals in protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals [ 7 ]. Additionally, sorghum and pearl millet are excellent sources of bioactive chemicals that help to improve non-communicable disease characteristics, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Comparison of physicochemical properties of sorghum extract by ethanol concentration and its anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1

“…The relation level of Cebpα, Pparγ, and Fabp4 mRNA expression decreased by 65, 33, and 47%, respectively, following treatment with SE50 at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Similarly, sorghum bran extract repressed the expression of adipogenic genes Cebpα and Pparγ [30]. Therefore, SE50 inhibits the differentiation of adipocytes by mutually regulating the expression of these genes.…”