Anti-Adhesion and Diagnostic Strategies for Oro-Intestinal Bacterial Pathogens

Strömberg, Nicklas; Ahlfors, Stefan; Borén, Thomas; Bratt, Per; Hallberg, K.; Hammarström, K.-J.; Holm, Charlotta; Johansson, Ingegerd; Järvholm, Magdalena; Kihlberg, Jan; Li, Tong; Ryberg, Mats; Zand, Golnar

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0415-9_2

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Actinomyces spp. have also been implicated in caries (34), periodontitis (24), and root canal infections (46), as well as in actinomycosis and septic infections (37).The animal and tissue tropism of A. naeslundii and A. viscosus appears to involve a diversity of type 1 and type 2 fimbria adhesion types (8,45,49). Type 1 fimbriae, which mediate binding to acidic proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and statherin, are more common on A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (an early plaque colonizer) than on genospecies 1 (a late plaque colonizer) (11,16,17).…”

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“…Type 2 fimbriae, which mediate binding to ␤-linked galactose structures, are highly prevalent on both A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2. Type 2 fimbriae involve at least four ␤-linked galactose specificities with different coaggregation and biological properties (16,17,45).Biogenesis, assembly, and function of type 1 fimbriae of A. naeslundii strain T14V require the FimP subunit and additional proteins encoded by a cluster of seven genes (orf1 to -6 and fimP) (52). Recently, a type 2 fimbria gene cluster containing three or four genes (ef-TU, orf977, fimA, and orf365) was found in A. naeslundii strain T14V (51) (GenBank accession no.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Commensal bacterial species, which protect against pathogens by competing for host binding sites (47), may involve a diversity of adhesion types with multiple ecological niches (42,45).…”

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Different Type 1 Fimbrial Genes and Tropisms of Commensal and Potentially Pathogenic Actinomyces spp. with Different Salivary Acidic Proline-Rich Protein and Statherin Ligand Specificities

Khah

Slavnic

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

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Actinomyces spp. exhibit type 1 fimbria-mediated adhesion to salivary acidic proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and statherin ligands. Actinomyces spp. with different animal and tissue origins belong to three major adhesion types as relates to ligand specificity and type 1 fimbria genes. (i) In preferential acidic-PRP binding, strains of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 from human and monkey mouths displayed at least three ligand specificities characterized by preferential acidic-PRP binding. Slot blot DNA hybridization showed seven highly conserved type 1 fimbria genes (orf1-to -6 and fimP) in genospecies 1 and 2 strains, except that orf5 and orf3 were divergent in genospecies 1. (ii) In preferential statherin binding, oral Actinomyces viscosus strains of rat and hamster origin (and strain 19246 from a human case of actinomycosis) bound statherin preferentially. DNA hybridization and characterization of the type 1 fimbria genes from strain 19246 revealed a homologous gene cluster of four open reading frames (orfA to -C and fimP). Bioinformatics suggested sortase (orfB, orf4, and part of orf5), prepilin peptidase (orfC and orf6), fimbria subunit (fimP), and usher-and autotransporterlike (orfA and orf1 to -3) functions. Those gene regions corresponding to orf3 and orf5 were divergent, those corresponding to orf2, orf1, and fimP were moderately conserved, and those corresponding to orf4 and orf6 were highly conserved. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses using a fimP probe separated human and monkey and rat and hamster strains into phylogenetically different groups. (iii) In statherin-specific binding, strains of A. naeslundii genospecies 1 from septic and other human infections displayed a low-avidity binding to statherin. Only the orf4 and orf6 gene regions were highly conserved. Finally, rat saliva devoid of statherin bound bacterial strains avidly irrespective of ligand specificity, and specific antisera detected either type 1, type 2, or both types of fimbria on the investigated Actinomyces strains.Adhesion of commensal and pathogenic bacteria to host tissue surfaces is a crucial event in colonization and infections (13,19). Commensal bacterial species, which protect against pathogens by competing for host binding sites (47), may involve a diversity of adhesion types with multiple ecological niches (42,45).Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces viscosus are dominant commensal Actinomyces spp. colonizing dental and mucosal surfaces of various animal hosts. They show extensive phenotypic and serologic variations (23). Human strains of A. naeslundii were recently grouped into genospecies 1 (A. naeslundii serotype I) and genospecies 2 (A. naeslundii serotypes II, III, and NV and A. viscosus serotype II) based on genetic relatedness (23). A. viscosus serotype I is the dominant species in the rat and hamster mouths. Actinomyces spp. have also been implicated in caries (34), periodontitis (24), and root canal infections (46), as well as in actinomycosis and septic infections (37).The animal and tiss...

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commensal bacterial species, which protect against pathogens by competing for host binding sites (47), may involve a diversity of adhesion types with multiple ecological niches (42,45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different Type 1 Fimbrial Genes and Tropisms of Commensal and Potentially Pathogenic Actinomyces spp. with Different Salivary Acidic Proline-Rich Protein and Statherin Ligand Specificities

Khah

Slavnic

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

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“…1) [Kage et al, 1995;Ström-berg et al, 1996]. Therefore, the broad range of caries susceptibility may be explained to some extent by individual differences in the architecture and concentration of glycan receptors in salivary glycoconjugates [Kage et al, 1995;Strömberg et al, 1996].…”

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Differences in the Salivary Glycan Pattern between Children with High and Low Caries Susceptibility

Seemann¹,

Zimmer²,

Bizhang³

et al. 2001

Caries Res

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Interactions between bacterial adhesins of lectin type and the oligosaccharide part of immobilised glycoconjugates on the tooth surface are involved in the specific colonisation of teeth. The specificity of the adhesion process is determined by the carbohydrate specificity of the bacterial lectins and the availability of the corresponding glycosylation pattern. On the other hand the same carbohydrate structures can specifically prevent the binding of bacteria by competitively blocking their adhesion, if sufficient amounts of this distinct carbohydrate structure are available in the secretion. Since carbohydrate binding receptors are also involved in the colonisation of tooth surfaces by cariogenic bacteria, it has been suggested that the architecture of the oligosaccharide portion of soluble glycoconjugates in saliva may play an important role as a constitutional host defence factor in the aetiology of dental caries. Characterising the availability of distinct carbohydrate patterns in saliva by using a pattern of well–described lectins in a competitive lectin inhibition assay we show that in children of a population–based sample a high caries susceptibility is associated with a reduced binding inhibition against the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA). PNA is specific for the presence of terminal galactosyl residues and binds to the same O–glycan fractions as a surface lectin from Streptococcus mutans. The data suggest that a reduced availability of glycosylation patterns of galactosyl residues detected by the lectin PNA may act as an additional host–derived factor for an increased caries susceptibility.

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Actinomyces

Schaal¹,

Yassin²

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Ac.ti.no.my'ces. Gr. fem. n. aktis, aktinos ray; Gr. masc. n. mukês fungus; N.L. masc. n. Actinomyces ray fungus referring to the radial arrangement of filaments in Actinomyces bovis sulfur granules. Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Actinomycetales / Actinomycetaceae / Actinomyces Straight or slightly curved rods , 0.2–1.0 µm in diameter, which vary considerably in shape and size, and slender filaments , 1 µm or less in width and 10–50 µm or more in length, with true branching. Short rods (0.5–5.0 µm in length) with or without clubbed ends are frequently seen and may occur singly, in pairs with diphtheroidal arrangements (Y, V, T forms and palisades), in short chains or in small clusters. Longer (5.0–10.0 µm in length) branched rods are also common. Several members of the genus appear chiefly or exclusively as coccobacillary or even coccoid elements. Filaments which may predominate in certain species are either straight or wavy , show varying degrees of branching and may have swollen, clubbed, or clavate ends. Gram‐stain‐positive , but irregular staining giving rise to a beaded or barred appearance frequently occurs, and two species may be Gram‐stain‐variable. Non‐acid‐fast, nonmotile, and non‐endospore‐forming. Conidia are not produced. DNA G+C content (mol%) : 55–71 ( T m , HPLC). Type species : Actinomyces bovis Harz 1877, 133 AL .

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Anti-Adhesion and Diagnostic Strategies for Oro-Intestinal Bacterial Pathogens

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Different Type 1 Fimbrial Genes and Tropisms of Commensal and Potentially Pathogenic Actinomyces spp. with Different Salivary Acidic Proline-Rich Protein and Statherin Ligand Specificities

Different Type 1 Fimbrial Genes and Tropisms of Commensal and Potentially Pathogenic Actinomyces spp. with Different Salivary Acidic Proline-Rich Protein and Statherin Ligand Specificities

Differences in the Salivary Glycan Pattern between Children with High and Low Caries Susceptibility

Actinomyces

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