Anti-Acid Biomimetic Dentine Remineralization Using Inorganic Silica Stabilized Nanoparticles Distributed Electronspun Nanofibrous Mats

Abstract

Background: To manage the sharp pain of dentine hypersensitivity, various materials are utilized to conduct dentine remineralization. However, many prior materials are limited with their single function and complicated operations. In this study, silica and calcium (strontium) carbonates mineralized nano cellulose fibrous (Si/Ca(Sr)-NCF) mat with the ability to release acid resistant and biomimetic mineralizational silica/calcium (strontium) carbonate coprecipitation nanoparticles (Si/Ca(Sr) NPs) were fabricated. The dentine occluding effects, antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of the Si/Ca(Sr)-NCF mats were evaluated. Methods: The Si/Ca(Sr)-NCF mats were fabricated by dipping the electrospun nano cellulose fiber (NCF) into silica and calcium (strontium) carbonate liquid. Physicochemical characterizations and ion release were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ion release assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sixty dentine discs were randomly divided into five groups: 1, blank NCF; 2, Si/ Ca(Sr 0)-NCF; 3, Si/Ca(Sr 0.01)-NCF; 4, Si/Ca(Sr 0.05)-NCF; 5, Si/Ca(Sr 0.1)-NCF. Dentine discs were mineralized by the mats and observed with SEM immediately, after acid challenge and remineralized in artificial saliva. The releasing liquid was investigated by TEM and type I collagen model. Then, antibacterial property and cytocompatibility were evaluated. Results: SEM and TEM results confirmed that the experiment mats continuously released amorphous Si/Ca(Sr) NPs and consequently realized anti-acid dentine biomimetic remineralization. Homogeneous surface coverage and collagen intrafibrillar mineralization in strontium adding groups illustrated the mineralization effect was not only by in site precipitation, but also collagen heterogeneous nucleation. Additionally, acceptable antibacterial and cytocompatibility properties were illustrated in low and middle Sr 2+ containing mats. Conclusion:In vitro studies on human dentine discs and type I collagen demonstrated that Si/Ca(Sr)-NCF system was a multifunction system inducing anti-acid, biomimetic, antibacterial and cytocompatible dentine remineralization. This multifunction mat would be a promising DH treatment candidate for complicated exposed dentine surfaces.

Advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases

“… [ 55 ] Si/Ca/SrNPs Acid resistance, antibacterial and low cytotoxicity as well as the ability to promote dentin bionic remineralization. [ 19 ] Pulp exposure Capping Marrow NHA Promoting restorative dentin formation. [ 56 ] NHA+FGF2 Further enhancing the formation of calcified tissue [ 57 ] NHA/SB SB increases the adhesion capacity of NHA.…”

“…A multifunctional material based on the nano-Si/Ca(Sr) system has been developed. The ability of this material can achieve acid resistance, bacterial inhibition and low cytotoxicity as well as to promote dentin bionic remineralization, providing an option for the current development of multifunctional nanomaterials [ 19 ].…”

“…(c) Anti-dentin-sensitive materials. Reproduced by permission from [ 19 ], copyright 2021, Dovepress. (d) Dental pulp regeneration materials.…”

Guided tissue remineralization and its effect on promoting dentin bonding

“…Although the role of NCPs in regulating dentin type I collagen fibrils' biomimetic mineralization has long been discovered, the complex process of obtaining natural NCPs and the high cost of their use have limited further research and their development. Inspired by the polyelectrolyte properties of NCPs (including mechanisms such as capillary forces (Olszta et al, 2007), size exclusion, charge interactions (Nudelman et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2021), and osmotic and charge balance (Niu et al, 2017)), researchers have attempted to use NCP analogs to stabilize NACPs for intrafibrillar remineralization (Shen et al, 2019) (Figure 3; Table 1).…”

From medical strategy to foodborne prophylactic strategy: Stabilizing dental collagen with aloin

“…Second, bonding interfaces, especially dentin collagen, are vulnerable to moisture, bacteria, and biomechanical factors (Del Carpio‐Perochena et al., 2022 ; Ho et al., 2018 ; Yu, Zhao, et al., 2022 ). Some studies have proposed to rebuild the “inorganic–organic” hybrid structure of dentin through remineralization to enhance the stability of dental collagen (Liu, Hao, et al., 2021 ). Scientists have used amorphous mineral precursor nanoparticles, such as bioactive glass, calcium phosphate, and silica, to reproduce the mineralization process (Abuna et al., 2021 ; Shi et al., 2019 ; Yu, Bian et al., 2022 ).…”