Anthropometrics and body composition predict performance during a simulated direct-fire engagement

Stein, Jesse A.; Hepler, Timothy C; DeBlauw, Justin; Beattie, Cassandra M.; Beshirs, Chaddrick D; Holte, Kendra M; Kurtz, Brady K.; Hatch-McChesney, Adrienne; Heinrich, Katie M.; Farina, Emily K.

doi:10.1080/00140139.2022.2117420

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Special warfare operators, as well as other tactical athletes, often perform prolonged exercise and high-intensity interval work, and therefore, it is important to understand varying exercise intensities and durations during postimmersion performance and the effect of rehydration strategies. In addition, first responder occupations and individuals in life-or-death scenarios, such as direct-fire engagements, may also face prolonged high-intensity activities that would benefit from similar rehydration strategies (31). However, no study has directly assessed postimmersion performance in a warm environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial and Complete Fluid Replacement Maintains Exercise Performance in a Warm Environment Following Prolonged Cold-Water Immersion

Wheelock,

Stooks,

Schwob

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Wheelock, CE, Stooks, J, Schwob, J, Hess, HW, Pryor, RR, and Hostler, D. Partial and complete fluid replacement maintains exercise performance in a warm environment following prolonged cold-water immersion. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 290–296, 2024—Special warfare operators may be exposed to prolonged immersion before beginning a land-based mission. This immersion will result in substantial hypohydration because of diuresis. This study tested the hypothesis that both partial and full postimmersion rehydration would maintain performance during exercise in the heat. Seven men (23 ± 2 years; V̇o 2max: 50.8 ± 5.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed a control trial (CON) without prior immersion and 3 immersion (18.0°C) trials without rehydration (NO) or with partial (HALF) or full (FULL) rehydration. After immersion, subjects completed a 60-minute weighted ruck march (20.4 kg; 5.6 kph) and a 15-minute intermittent exercise protocol (iEPT) in a warm environment (30.0°C and 50.0% relative humidity). The primary outcome was distance (km) covered during the iEPT. A priori statistical significance was set to p ≤ 0.05. Immersion resulted in 2.3 ± 0.4% loss of body mass in all immersion trials (p < 0.01). Distance covered during the first 13-minute interval run portion of iEPT was reduced in the NO rehydration trial (1.59 ± 0.18 km) compared with all other conditions (CON: 1.88 ± 0.18 km, p = 0.03; HALF: 1.80 ± 0.18 km, p < 0.01; FULL: 1.86 ± 0.28 km, p = 0.01). During the final 2 minutes of the iEPT, distance in the NO rehydration trial (0.31 ± 0.07 km) was reduced compared with the FULL rehydration trial (0.37 ± 0.07 km; p < 0.01) but not compared with CON (0.35 ± 0.07 km; p = 0.09) or HALF (0.35 ± 0.07 km; p = 0.08). Both partial and full postimmersion fluid replacement maintained intermittent exercise performance and should be applied as rehydration strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial and Complete Fluid Replacement Maintains Exercise Performance in a Warm Environment Following Prolonged Cold-Water Immersion

Wheelock,

Stooks,

Schwob

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…In this paper, we take the first steps to derive a model capable of accurate Ṁ predictions for level running that can be expanded to account for a wide range of military performance scenarios. For example, in addition to distance running events (57), military personnel may be required to run in many different situations such as with heavy backpack loads (28), up and down slopes (59), and during hazardous direct-fire engagements with combat equipment and weapon systems (75). Therefore, our main objective was to derive a general equation for estimating level running Ṁ in healthy, military-age (18–44 years) women and men as the first modular component of a comprehensive running energy expenditure estimation (RE3) model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Metabolic Energy Expenditure During Level Running in Healthy, Military-Age Women and Men

Looney,

Hoogkamer,

Kram

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Looney, DP, Hoogkamer, W, Kram, R, Arellano, CJ, and Spiering, BA. Estimating metabolic energy expenditure during level running in healthy, military-age women and men. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2496–2503, 2023—Quantifying the rate of metabolic energy expenditure (Ṁ) of varied aerobic exercise modalities is important for optimizing fueling and performance and maintaining safety in military personnel operating in extreme conditions. However, although equations exist for estimating oxygen uptake during running, surprisingly, there are no general equations that estimate Ṁ. Our purpose was to generate a general equation for estimating Ṁ during level running in healthy, military-age (18–44 years) women and men. We compiled indirect calorimetry data collected during treadmill running from 3 types of sources: original individual subject data (n = 45), published individual subject data (30 studies; n = 421), and published group mean data (20 studies, n = 619). Linear and quadratic equations were fit on the aggregated data set using a mixed-effects modeling approach. A chi-squared (χ 2) difference test was conducted to determine whether the more complex quadratic equation was justified (p < 0.05). Our primary indicator of model goodness-of-fit was the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD). We also examined whether individual characteristics (age, height, body mass, and maximal oxygen uptake [V̇O2max]) could minimize prediction errors. The compiled data set exhibited considerable variability in Ṁ (14.54 ± 3.52 W·kg−1), respiratory exchange ratios (0.89 ± 0.06), and running speeds (3.50 ± 0.86 m·s−1). The quadratic regression equation had reduced residual sum of squares compared with the linear fit (χ 2, 3,484; p < 0.001), with higher combined accuracy and precision (RMSD, 1.31 vs. 1.33 W·kg−1). Age (p = 0.034), height (p = 0.026), and body mass (p = 0.019) were associated with the magnitude of under and overestimation, which was not the case for V̇O2max (p = 0.898). The newly derived running energy expenditure estimation (RE3) model accurately predicts level running Ṁ at speeds from 1.78 to 5.70 m·s−1 in healthy, military-age women and men. Users can rely on the following equations for improved predictions of running Ṁ as a function of running speed (S, m·s−1) in either watts (W·kg−1 = 4.43 + 1.51·S + 0.37·S2) or kilocalories per minute (kcal·kg−1·min−1 = 308.8 + 105.2·S + 25.58·S2).

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Peak performance and cardiometabolic responses of modern US army soldiers during heavy, fatiguing vest-borne load carriage

et al. 2023

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Anthropometrics and body composition predict performance during a simulated direct-fire engagement

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Partial and Complete Fluid Replacement Maintains Exercise Performance in a Warm Environment Following Prolonged Cold-Water Immersion

Partial and Complete Fluid Replacement Maintains Exercise Performance in a Warm Environment Following Prolonged Cold-Water Immersion

Estimating Metabolic Energy Expenditure During Level Running in Healthy, Military-Age Women and Men

Peak performance and cardiometabolic responses of modern US army soldiers during heavy, fatiguing vest-borne load carriage

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