Anthropometrical evaluation of elderly blacks in the Orange Free State

Bester, F.C.J.; Weich, D.J.V.

doi:10.21504/sajg.v3i1.31

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A comparison of the percentage contribution to total energy from macronutrients, and the dietary polyunsaturated‐ to‐saturated fat (P:S) ratio and cholesterol and fiber intakes is shown in Table 2. Total fat intake was low and contributed about 24–26% total energy (E) for females and males, respectively, which was similar to the findings of a sample of urban black elderly in the Free State and a sample of rural black elderly in Hekpoort 3,4 . In contrast, the percentage of energy supplied by fat was high for a sample of older white South Africans (37–39%E), 6 and was intermediate for a sample of coloured elderly (about 32%E) 5 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Animal protein intake was slightly higher than plant protein intake, whereas in a sample of older coloured subjects in Cape Town animal protein comprised almost two‐thirds of total protein intake (Table 2). 5 Percentage energy intake provided from carbohydrate sources was high for men and women (58–65%E), as it was for the other black samples cited 3,4 . Overall, older white South Africans had the lowest carbohydrate intake (<46%E), 6 while a sample of rural blacks had the greatest intake (> 65%E), 3 which is characteristic of a western versus cereal‐based traditional diet, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Older people are at nutritional risk, not only because of impaired digestion, absorption or utilization of nutrients associated with chronic disease or drug–nutrient interactions, but also due to an interaction between physiological, psychological and socioeconomic factors. Information on the nutritional status of community‐dwelling South Africans is sparse and is largely limited to findings from four studies: a sample of older rural blacks in Hekpoort ( n = 141); 3 a sample of urbanized blacks in the Free State ( n = 400); 4 a study of older coloured subjects in Cape Town ( n = 200); 5 and a sample of white elderly in Potchefstroom ( n = 100) 6 . A study of a rural black elderly sample in Pankop did not include a dietary assessment but measured biochemical parameters and anthropometrical assessments ( n = 100) 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poor nutritional status in older black South Africans

Charlton

Bourne

Steyn

et al. 2001

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr

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A cross-sectional analytical study was undertaken to describe the nutritional status and dietary intake of the elderly black population of Cape Town. A stratified proportional sample of 148 men and women aged 60 years and older (mean = 68.9+/-5.7) was selected from informal and formal peri-urban settlements. The study population was predominantly urbanized, although most subjects had migrated from non-urban areas. Trained fieldworkers conducted a 24-h recall dietary assessment and performed anthropometrical measurements. Mean energy intakes fell below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for both men and women; 27% and 36% of men and women, respectively, had energy intakes <67% RDA. Total fat intake was low and contributed 24-26% total energy. Mean dietary fibre intake was low at 11-16 g/day. Mean intakes fell below the RDA for vitamin D, calcium, zinc and vitamin B6. Less than two and a half servings per day were consumed from the vegetable and fruit group and less than one serving per day from the calcium-rich food group. Over half (51.3%) of the women and 18% of the male were obese (body mass index > or =30). We concluded that older black subjects in Cape Town have energy profiles in line with prudent dietary guidelines and more favorable than other elderly groups in the country, with regard to atherogenic risk. However, micronutrient and dietary fiber intake is inadequate, largely due to low reported energy intakes, particularly in women.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poor nutritional status in older black South Africans

Charlton

Bourne

Steyn

et al. 2001

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr

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“…Only a 7.4% increase in energy intake over that recorded in the original study was identified (Bourne, 1996). Further, the consistency between ratios of protein, fat and carbohydrate to total energy reported in the present study and that of the other published studies of older urban black South Africans (Bester et al, 1993; suggests that any under-reporter error is likely to be consistent across the food groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This group is at high risk of having a poor micronutrient status due to inadequate household food security (Charlton & Rose, 2001), deficient dietary intakes (Johnson & van der Westhuizen, 1992;Bester et al, 1993;) and lack of financial provision for old age (Ferreira et al, 1992). Sugar is a cheap commodity, which is consumed in relatively large amounts in black children in the country (Labadarios et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient dilution associated with added sugar intake in elderly black South African women

2005

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Objectives: To investigate the association between added sugar and macronutrient and micronutrient intakes, and to assess whether added sugar intake is related to biochemical indices of nutritional status, Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, body mass index (BMI) and performance on physical function tests. Design: A cross-sectional, analytical study. Setting and subjects: Convenient sample of 285 institutionalised and community-dwelling black South African men and women aged 60 þ y. Methods: An interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recall and MNA were performed. Serum albumin, vitamin B 12 , ferritin, cholesterol, haemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) folate and plasma vitamin C were measured. Handgrip strength, BMI, 'sit-tostand' and 'get-up-and-go' tests were measured. Outcome variables were analysed according to tertiles of added sugar, in grams and as a percentage of total energy (% E). Results: In each tertile of sugar intake, mean MNA score fell in the 'at-risk' classification. In women, energy, protein, % E protein, fibre, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin C, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and selenium intake were significantly lowest in subjects in the highest % E sugar tertile. In men, no differences were found for micronutrient intake according to tertiles of total added sugar or % E added sugar. Physical function declined with increasing sugar intake, and suboptimal RBC folate and plasma ascorbic acid status was associated with increasing sugar intake (in women). No relationship was found between added sugar intake and the very high prevalence (65%) of obesity in women. Conclusion: A nutrient-diluting effect of added sugars intake was demonstrated in elderly black South African women. Further studies in this population are required in order to develop food-based dietary guidelines, which include messages on added sugar intake.

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Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the adult population of a rural South African village

Rumble

Swartz

Parry³

et al. 1996

Psychol. Med.

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SynopsisWe report on the first South African two-stage community prevalence study of psychiatric morbidity, conducted in Mamre, a rural ‘coloured’2 village, 50 km from Cape Town. Randomly selected adults (N = 481) were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) as a first-stage screen and the Present State Examination (PSE-9) was administered to a proportion of the sample (N = 121) as the second-stage criterion. Demographic, health care utilization, and substance abuse data were also collected. Using the PSE-9 CATEGO Index of Definition of 5, the weighted prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 27·1 % (confidence interval of 19·5−34·7 %), the majority of cases being given a tentative diagnosis of depressive or anxiety disorder. The CATEGO algorithm may not be fully appropriate in this cultural context as there was an apparent overdiagnosis of paranoid states. The SRQ's weighted sensitivity and specificity were 0·49 and 0·82 respectively. Overall, the SRQ correctly identified 67% of cases and non-cases. No demographic variables predicted psychiatric morbidity, but there was an indirect link between morbidity and primary care utilization. Further South African studies of the validity of both the SRQ and of criterion instruments are needed. These may contribute to knowledge regarding cultural factors affecting psychiatric diagnosis.

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Anthropometrical evaluation of elderly blacks in the Orange Free State

Abstract: The anthropometry of elderly blacks (65 + years)

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Poor nutritional status in older black South Africans

Poor nutritional status in older black South Africans

Micronutrient dilution associated with added sugar intake in elderly black South African women

Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the adult population of a rural South African village

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