Anthropometric Measurements, Serum Reproductive Hormonal Levels and Sexual Development among Boys in the Rural Western Cape, South Africa

Mao, Jun J.; Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel

doi:10.3390/ijerph13121185

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…34,38,39,70 Eleven pairs of studies were based on the same study sample and are therefore presented together. 28,29,38,39,44,45,[49][50][51][52][53][54][57][58][59][60]66,67,[75][76][77][78] The publication year ranged from 1997 to 2018. Sixteen studies used quantitative cross-sectional or longitudinal data (various ages between 10 and 19 years) from the Birth-to-Twenty (BTT) cohort, an urban longitudinal birth cohort in Soweto, Gauteng (n = 3273).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51,52,68,83 Sample size ranged between 50 and 3 490 for quantitative studies and between 22 and 58 for qualitative studies. 19 studies were conducted in rural contexts 23,28,29,44,45,53,54,59,60,[66][67][68]73,75,76,81,82,85,86 and 35 in urban and/or peri-urban contexts 22,24,26,31,33,[35][36][37][40][41][42]46,[48][49][50][51][52][55][56][57][58][61][62][63][64][65]69,71,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total, 49 studies met the inclusion criteria for objective one. [23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32]34,35,38,39,[42][43][44][45][47][48][49][50]53,54,[56][57][58][59][60][62][63][64][65][66][67][70][71][72][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][84][85][86][87] Of the included studies, all but four described adolescent nutritional status using one or more of the following anthropometric measurements: height and weight, BMI and waist circumference. 24,…”

Section: Adolescent Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[48][49][50]57,58,66,67,[77][78][79]87 In addition, for boys aged 11-12 years, height was substantially higher in those who had reached greater sexual maturity according to Tanner staging. 53,54 Although females tended to be smaller in stature than their male counterparts as they aged, they were less likely to be stunted (height-for-age z-score (HAZ) < −2) throughout adolescence ([13 years, stunted: 14.9% (M), 10.5% (F)]; [17 years, stunted: 25.2% (M), 11.8% (F)]) 34 ( Figure 6). Stunting prevalence was relatively stable across age groups in girls; however, older boys demonstrated approximately 10% higher stunting prevalence than those of younger ages (17 vs. 13 years).…”

Section: Adolescent Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of adolescent nutrition in South Africa: transforming adolescent lives through nutrition initiative

Wrottesley

Pedro

Fall

et al. 2019

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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In South Africa, urbanisation is associated with substantial burdens of adolescent overweight and obesity, making teenagers vulnerable to longer-term non-communicable diseases. In addition, as potential future parents, the nutritional status of adolescents is increasingly recognised as a key driver of health and well-being in the next generation. This review reported on the available literature examining nutritional status and dietary intakes and practices, as well as their determinants, in South African adolescents. Study design and methods: Medline (Pubmed), Web of Science and EMBASE were searched for relevant articles published between 1994 and May 2018. Applicable search terms and phrases were identified in study titles and/or abstracts and fulltext articles were reviewed according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted according to specific review objectives. Results: A total of 67 relevant studies were identified. Only one study used a biochemical marker to describe adolescent nutritional status (vitamin D status; 25(OH)D). Overweight and obesity prevalence increased in South African adolescents over the reference period, with national increases of 6% in boys and 7% in girls between 2002 and 2008. Girls and urbandwellers were particularly vulnerable to excess adiposity. Dietary intakes demonstrated a transition towards energy-dense, processed foods high in sugar and fat, but low in essential micronutrients. Food choices were driven by the adoption of obesogenic behaviours in the teenage years, including irregular breakfast consumption and fewer family meals, increased snacking and low levels of physical activity. Conclusion: South African adolescents-particularly girls-are increasingly burdened by obesity as a result of urbanisationassociated shifts in dietary intake and eating behaviours. However, the implications for micronutrient status and long-term nutritional health are not known. Additionally, more data on the clustering of diet, activity and sedentary behaviours in adolescent boys and girls is needed, as well as on behaviour patterns to facilitate healthy growth and reduced adiposity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adolescent Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adolescent Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of adolescent nutrition in South Africa: transforming adolescent lives through nutrition initiative

Wrottesley

Pedro

Fall

et al. 2019

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…As part of a health study designed as a longitudinal cohort study on air pollution and respiratory health outcomes among children in informal settings in the Western Cape province, South Africa, outdoor noise levels were measured in parallel with air pollution [22,23]. These measurements were carried out at a representative number of children homes located in four areas including Khayelitsha, Marconi-Beam, Oudtshoorn, and Masiphumulele during the South African summer in 2015-2016.…”

Section: Study Design and Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use Regression Modeling of Outdoor Noise Exposure in Informal Settlements in Western Cape, South Africa

Sieber

Ragettli

Brink

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract:In low-and middle-income countries, noise exposure and its negative health effects have been little explored. The present study aimed to assess the noise exposure situation in adults living in informal settings in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. We conducted continuous one-week outdoor noise measurements at 134 homes in four different areas. These data were used to develop a land use regression (LUR) model to predict A-weighted day-evening-night equivalent sound levels (L den ) from geographic information system (GIS) variables. Mean noise exposure during day (6:00-18:00) was 60.0 A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) (interquartile range 56.9-62.9 dB(A)), during night (22:00-6:00) 52.9 dB(A) (49.3-55.8 dB(A)) and average L den was 63.0 dB(A) (60.1-66.5 dB(A)). Main predictors of the LUR model were related to road traffic and household density. Model performance was low (adjusted R 2 = 0.130) suggesting that other influences than those represented in the geographic predictors are relevant for noise exposure. This is one of the few studies on the noise exposure situation in low-and middle-income countries. It demonstrates that noise exposure levels are high in these settings.

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Evaluating the four most important salivary sex steroids during male puberty: testosterone best characterizes pubertal development

Krebs

Dickhuth

Mumm

et al. 2019

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Background During pubertal development in healthy boys, increased levels of different sex steroids occur which are responsible for sexual maturation and physical changes. However, relationships between various sex hormones and pubertal development stages have not been sufficiently studied. Methods The investigation included 165 normal boys (mean age 12.7±2.8 years, mean body mass index [BMI] 19.6±4.2 kg/m2). Pubic hair (PH) stages were stratified by Tanner and testicular volume (TV) by means of the Prader orchidometer and assigned to the prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal development phase. Four different sex steroids (testosterone [TE], dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]/dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEAS], androstenedione (AE), 17-hydroxyprogesterone [17-OHP]) were measured in saliva by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and as serum total steroids by different assays (radioimmunoassay [RIA], chemiluminescence immunoassay [CLIA], electrochemiluminescence immunoassay [ECLIA]). Validation of saliva-based ELISA tests included data related to inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs), recovery and linearity. Results Using Spearman rank correlation, salivary steroids significantly correlated (p<0.001) with pubertal development: TE (TV r=0.74 and PH stages r=0.72), DHEA (r=0.58 and 0.62), AE (r=0.38 and 0.45) and 17-OHP (r=0.42 and 0.43). Correlations between salivary and serum concentrations of steroids were also statistically significant (p<0.001). Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between salivary TE and pubertal maturation during the development phases of prepuberty-puberty and puberty-postpuberty. Inclusion of further salivary steroids did not improve analysis results. Conclusions Salivary TE permits a good non-invasive characterization of pubertal maturation stages. The consideration of further salivary sex steroids did not improve diagnostic accuracy.

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Anthropometric Measurements, Serum Reproductive Hormonal Levels and Sexual Development among Boys in the Rural Western Cape, South Africa

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

A review of adolescent nutrition in South Africa: transforming adolescent lives through nutrition initiative

A review of adolescent nutrition in South Africa: transforming adolescent lives through nutrition initiative

Land Use Regression Modeling of Outdoor Noise Exposure in Informal Settlements in Western Cape, South Africa

Evaluating the four most important salivary sex steroids during male puberty: testosterone best characterizes pubertal development

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