Anthropometric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal Soft Tissue in 119 Young Han Chinese Adults

Abstract

A random sample of 119 young, healthy Han Chinese adults (56 men and 63 women) between the age of 18 and 25 years (mean, 22.7 y) in PR China was obtained for this study. By the guidance of standard methods, based on Farkas's anthropometric measurements in craniofacial region, 12 nasal soft tissue landmarks and 12 linear and 3 angular measurements were chosen. The linear measurements were taken directly, whereas the angular measurements were taken by photogrammetric method. Eight nasal proportion indices were calculated according to the linear measurements. The application of the independent-samples t-test showed sex dimorphism in most parameters of the nasal region. All the linear measurements were larger in men than in women, whereas all the angular measurements were smaller in men than in women. The significant differences in partial parameters between men and women have been proved. Ten of 12 linear measurements, 1 of 3 angular measurements, and 3 of 8 nasal proportion indices showed significant sexual dimorphism (P < 0.01). Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, the nasal anthropometric measurements and proportion indices of Han Chinese adults were different, to some extent. This study could provide credible and objective reference material for plastic and maxillofacial surgeons for the external nasal soft tissue evaluation and planning of the cosmetic nasal surgery. Besides, these results could be a useful guidance for preoperative and postoperative evaluations of secondary rhinoplasty in nasal deformity associated with cleft lip and palate.

Age- and sex-related changes in the normal human external nose

“…Reports on other ethnic groups can also be found: Afroamerican women [46], Chilean adults [41], Chinese adults [18,36], Indian infant boys and girls [47], Iranian women [23], Japanese children [19], and Malaysian adults [48] have been investigated in the last 10 years.…”

“…Therefore, knowledge of the normal nasal dimensions and shape is necessary for the timing of surgical reconstructions [13,14,[16][17][18][19][20]. Sex, age and ethnicity related data banks may therefore be produced, supplying reference information for multiple diagnostic, clinical and forensic procedures (aging of both living and dead persons, personal identification, facial reconstruction) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

“…For instance, reference data are necessary for surgeons treating facial deformities: diagnosis and treatment should obtain harmonious facial characteristics concurring to a sound functionality [12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20]23,32,39,41,42].…”

O que ocorre com o ângulo columelar após cirurgia de correção da fissura labial?

“…The choice of photogrammetry for angular measurements was proved as reliable as direct measurement in studies of Farkas et al (1980) 27 . According to He et al (2009) 17 in addition, determination of angular measurements was independent of vertical movement of the camera or image increases, but was dependent of the head rotation. Besides these, another major advantage RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a mudança do ângulo columelar que ocorre após cirurgia de correção para fissura labial.…”

“…Photographs were taken at baseline standard view, with pronasalle and glabellaalignment, allowing full strategies 16 , besides allowing the evaluation of postsurgical 17 or auxiliary results…”