Anthropometric Breast Measurement: Analysis of the Average Breast in Young Nulliparous Saudi Female Population

Background: The breast is an important aesthetic feature in a woman. It defines her body shape and is a measure of beauty and attraction. Anthropometric breast measurements done in different countries have shown anatomic variations, but there have been very few studies in the Nigerian females to aid the planning of aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgeries and serves as a guide in designing breast accessories and clothing. Objectives: The study measured anthropometric breast parameters in Nigerian females, assessed the degree of symmetry in volume of the right and left breasts and compared the measurements in females from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria and with values from women from other countries. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive analytical study of three hundred and seventy (370) female students chosen randomly from three higher institutions of learning in Yaba Local Council Development Area (LCDA) Lagos State Nigeria between ages 18 and 32 years. Fourteen parameters were measured using a measuring tape and long ruler. Results: The right sternal notch nipple length (RSNL), left sternal notch nipple length (LSNL), and the nipple nipple length (NNL) was found to be 21.88 cm, 22.31 cm and 21.70 cm, respectively. The mean mammary volume for the right and left breast were 395.78 mL and 437.65 mL, respectively. There was no significant difference in the parameters across the six geopolitical zones. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in the anthropometric parameters measured across the six geopolitical zones. The anthropometric values of the left breast were significantly larger.

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“…[ 4 ] in Turkey, Al-Qattan et al . [ 12 ] in Saudi-Arabia, Kim et al . [ 13 ] in Korea and Qiao et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 11 ] in Saudi-Arabia (20.3 cm), Kim et al . [ 12 ] in Korea (18.5 cm) and Avsar et al . [ 4 ] in Turkey (19.9 cm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric breast measurements of nulliparous women in Lagos Nigeria

Archibong¹,

Abikoye

Osisanya

2021

J West Afr Coll Surg

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“…In the clinical examination, however, the examiner had to detect this point on the guideline using their own estimation. For manual measurements, the guideline between the MUBP and LUBP was applied using a ruler to obtain measurement (3). As the software's algorithm defines the point more accurately and detects the shortest distance precisely, the values differed significantly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Objective evaluation of the aesthetic results for women undergoing breast surgery still presents a major challenge. Even today, manual anthropometric measurement is considered the most state-of-the-art technique for aesthetic breast assessment by clinicians [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New aspects in digital breast assessment: further refinement of a method for automated digital anthropometry

Hartmann

Weiherer

Schiltz

et al. 2020

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Purpose In this trial, we used a previously developed prototype software to assess aesthetic results after reconstructive surgery for congenital breast asymmetry using automated anthropometry. To prove the consensus between the manual and automatic digital measurements, we evaluated the software by comparing the manual and automatic measurements of 46 breasts. Methods Twenty-three patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for congenital breast asymmetry at our institution were examined and underwent 3D surface imaging. Per patient, 14 manual and 14 computer-based anthropometric measurements were obtained according to a standardized protocol. Manual and automatic measurements, as well as the previously proposed Symmetry Index (SI), were compared. Results The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed no significant differences in six of the seven measurements between the automatic and manual assessments. The SI showed robust agreement between the automatic and manual methods. Conclusion The present trial validates our method for digital anthropometry. Despite the discrepancy in one measurement, all remaining measurements, including the SI, showed high agreement between the manual and automatic methods. The proposed data bring us one step closer to the long-term goal of establishing robust instruments to evaluate the results of breast surgery. Level of evidence: IV.

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“…In addition, it is a very dynamic organ of the human body that constantly changes in size and location throughout the course of a person's lifetime [2]. The female mammary glands are significant and attractive features, whose shape and size are subject to numerous factors [3]. They are the secondary sexual characteristics of the female gender and have many anatomic variations concerning volume, width, length, projection, density, composition, shape, and placement on the chest wall [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Study of the Breast in Nulliparous Nigerian Females at the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Edibamode

Bob-Manuel

Hart

2023

AJOB

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Background: The breast, also known as the mammary gland, is an essential aesthetic feature in a woman. Anthropometric breast measurements are vital for research and in reconstructive surgery as a quantitative tool for preoperative and postoperative evaluation. Aim: This study aimed to measure morphometric parameters of the breast of nulliparous Nigerian females to establish reference baseline data for the region. Methodology: In this prospective descriptive and analytical study, 66 female students from the University of Port-Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria, ranging in age from 16 to 30, were used. Various morphometric parameters were observed and measured using measuring tape, a metre rule, and skin markers in a standing position. Descriptive and inferential analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: Most of the mean values of the measured anthropometric parameters of the left breast were higher than the right but displayed no significant difference except the nipple and mammary projections, which showed a significant difference between the right and left breasts. This study on the morphometry of the female breast revealed the slender and severe ptosis shapes as the most prevalent breast shapes, while the least prevalent were the bell and pseudoptosis breast shapes. The mammary size volume showed the left breast to be significantly bigger than the right, while of all the breast parameters analysed, the nipple projection (left) and mammary projection (right) displayed significant differences in this study, with all the right and left measured breast parameters indicating a positive correlation. Conclusion: The values from this study can be used as a guide by plastic surgeons providing services to females of African descent requiring aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgeries, as well as in physical anthropological studies and racial identification.

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Anthropometric Breast Measurement: Analysis of the Average Breast in Young Nulliparous Saudi Female Population

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Anthropometric breast measurements of nulliparous women in Lagos Nigeria

Anthropometric breast measurements of nulliparous women in Lagos Nigeria

New aspects in digital breast assessment: further refinement of a method for automated digital anthropometry

Morphometric Study of the Breast in Nulliparous Nigerian Females at the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

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