Anthropometric analysis of orbital and nasal parameters for sexual dimorphism: New anatomical evidences in the field of personal identification through a retrospective observational study

Abstract

Orbital and nasal parameters among modern humans show considerable variation, which affects facial shape, and these characteristics vary according to race, region, and period in evolution. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether there are sex differences in the orbital and/or nasal indexes and/or the single measurements used to calculate these in a Kosovar population. The following parameters were taken into consideration: orbital height (OH), orbital width (OW), nasal height (NH), and nasal width (NW). The ratios between orbital index/nasal index (RONI) were calculated. All measurements were obtained from a population sample comprising 408 individuals. The accuracy in sex prediction was 52.86% (CI95% = 45.05%–60.67%) for NW and 64.96% for NH (CI95% = 57.50%– 72.42%). The difference between male and female indexes was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The anthropometric study revealed that only NW and NH are configured as predictors of sexual dimorphism. It could be useful to increase the number of samples to test the discriminant function in other population groups.

Comparison of Nasal Dimensions According to the Facial and Nasal Indices Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

“…The shape of the nasal cavity holds significant value not only in clinical contexts but also in forensic science [30]. However, the majority of morphometric studies have primarily focused on sex comparisons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Therefore, it is necessary to examine how the nasal dimensions relate to the facial and nose dimensions.…”

“…Sex determination, in particular, primarily relies on anatomical features, including the pelvis, mastoid processes, and nasal cavity size [9][10][11]. Among these structures, the nasal cavity has been reported to be a useful auxiliary tool for personal identification and age estimation [12][13][14]. Thus, the nasal cavity stands as a paramount structure in both forensic and clinical contexts.…”

“…In forensic science, facial contours are essential structures for personal identification and sex determination [19]. Currently, there is ongoing research on the classifications of the facial index (FI) and nasal index (NI) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][19][20][21][22]. FI classification differentiates facial shapes into hypereuryprosopic, euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, leptoprosopic, and hyperleptoprosopic based on facial length [20,21].…”

“…The majority of relevant studies have performed comparisons between sexes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], with studies making comparisons according to the FI and NI only and examining relative percentages [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][19][20][21][22]…”

FEMINIZAÇÃO OROFACIAL DE MULHERES TRANSGÊNERAS: Como a odontologia pode contribuir para a inclusão social?

“…O dorso nasal, geralmente possui uma trajetória mais reta, sem a presença de rampa muito acentuada, quando visto de perfil. A ponta do nariz é mais fina e voltada para cima, formando um ângulo mais aberto entre a base do nariz e o lábio superior (Bigoni et al, 2010;Lambros & Amos, 2020;Scendoni et al, 2023;Tanikawa et al, 2016). No terço inferior, podemos destacar maior volume e definição dos lábios, com maior exposição do vermelhão, e menor distância entre a base do nariz e istmo bucal (Sexual dimorphism in the facial morphology of adult humans: A three-dimensional analysis).…”