Anthropogeomorphology of Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System in India

Das, Balai Chandra; Ghosh, Sandipan; Islam, Aznarul; Roy, Suvendu

doi:10.1201/9781003032373

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The degradation of water quality of river Saraswati finds resemblance to Jalangi River, a tributary of the Ganga River, which is primarily impacted by similar agricultural activities, domestic/municipal waste/wastewater discharges, and land use and land cover (LULC) changes. [ 72,73 ] The Yamuna river, considered the dirtiest river in India, showed higher organic loading reflected in its COD and BOD values. [ 74 ] The water quality status, nature of pollution, and the drivers and pressures responsible for the degradation of water quality, as revealed in the present study, earn conformity from Gikas et al., [ 75 ] who adopted the CCMEWQI model of water quality indexing to show the degraded water quality status of the river resulting from organic loading and sedimentation ( Table 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Present State and Future Fate of River Saraswati, India: Water Quality Indices and Forecast Models as Diagnostic and Management Tools

Pramanik

Kaviraj

Saha

2023

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Water quality assessment is key to the conservation and management of rivers. River Saraswati, a distributary of the river Ganga, serves as a lifeline to many villages in the district Hooghly in West Bengal, India. As the river is gradually dying due to diverse man‐made pollution, ten water quality parameters in two sampling spots (PR‐1 and PR‐2) in the river are monitored month‐wise from March 2017 to February 2020, and these are compared with those from a reference pond. The water quality index (WQI) is determined for the two riverine spots and the reference pond based on the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment WQI (CCMEWQI) and weighted arithmetic WQI, respectively. In addition to actual observations, three different forecasting methods, exponential smoothing, autoregressive integrated moving average, and artificial neural network, are used to predict WQI for the next two years. This study indicates that free CO2, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity are the key parameters to evaluate this river's anthropogenic stress and health. The actual and forecasted results reflect the precipitous degradation of CCMEWQI in PR‐2. Therefore, the immediate intervention of all stakeholders is required to adopt an integrated and comprehensive river management plan to save the river from utter obliteration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Present State and Future Fate of River Saraswati, India: Water Quality Indices and Forecast Models as Diagnostic and Management Tools

Pramanik

Kaviraj

Saha

2023

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Whether Paleo-channels (oxbow lakes) originated from the river Churni or not is a relevant question. The level of certainty of umbilical linkage between nearby oxbow lakes and Churni River was estimated using the doubt index DI (Das et al, 2020). (3)…”

Section: Fluvial Geomorphological Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rivers and canals are vital elements of a region's natural landscape, shaping its environment (Das et al, 2020), supporting ecosystems, and providing valuable resources to human populations (Lansing et al, 1998). Distinguishing between natural river channels and artificial canals is crucial for understanding the historical development of water systems and their implications for human societies (Hritz, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the past to discern the present: The role of historico‐geographical study in differentiating natural river channels from artificial canals

Das

2024

River

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The historical background of a watercourse, whether it be a natural river or an artificial canal, holds great importance in understanding hydrological heritage, landscape evolution, planning processes, and making informed predictions for the future. This study focuses on the case study of the Churni River, which has been regarded as an artificial canal in the local literature, history, and geography research papers. The objective of this study is to investigate the authenticity of the claims and explore whether the Churni River is a natural river or an artificially constructed canal. Through an examination of existing literature and the present channel morphology, it becomes apparent that the alleged myths and rumors surrounding the origin of the Churni River, proposing its deliberate construction as a man‐made canal by Maharaja Krishnachandra, lack substantial evidence. Conversely, a more plausible scenario emerges, suggesting that the Maharaja's endeavors were likely focused on rejuvenating the degraded and silt‐laden course of an already existing river. Additionally, no evidence is found to support the claim that the name “Churni” was assigned by Maharaja Krishnachandra, and the alternative name “Kangkana” lacks substantiation as a name for the river. This research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the historical and geographical context of the Churni River, shedding light on its origin and nature while emphasizing the significance of historical analysis in distinguishing natural river channels from artificial canals and will widen the avenue of future research on river heritage of like situation.

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“…With the help of several case studies (Hong Kong, Osaka Kansai, Singapore, Incheon-Seoul), Douglas and Lawson (2003) have been able to highlight the effect of airport construction on changes in landforms and channel morphology. However, there is negligible or no attention on this aspect even in the recently published anthropogeomorphic books like Goudie and Viles (2016), Das et al (2021). The processes of land reclamation (new Hong Kong Airport) and artificial island generation for airports (Kansai Airport, Japan) are now trending anthropogenic activity to modify regional geomorphology (Dávid et al, 2010;Pijet-Migon and Migon, 2018; Figure 5d).…”

Section: Airportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of transportation infrastructures on the alteration of hillslope and fluvial geomorphology

Roy¹

2022

The Anthropocene Review

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Transport network infrastructure interacts with the earth’s surface because they often share common spaces (e.g. river valleys), such that transport is an anthropogenic pressure that can affect geomorphological processes and outcomes. Since having its profound effect worldwide, the systematic study on the effect of transportation infrastructures (TIs) on the alteration of geomorphological forms and processes has been less focused than on any other anthropogeomorphic driver. The present review provides a multidimensional overview based on the available literature and data on the effect of TIs in changing hillslope and fluvial geomorphology to sustain a peaceful harmony between the transport network and its surrounding landscapes. The study underlines the effect of major TIs like trails, roads, railways, tunnels, causeways, waterways and airports on the alteration of different geomorphological processes on hillslope and fluvial landscapes like the movement of earth material, geomorphic connectivity, slope instability, sediment production, gully initiation and surface runoff. For instance, the global level proximity analysis shows ~40% of landslides happen within the 500 m of any major roads only, while at the regional scale it becomes ~65% irrespective of the degree of seismicity. Due to the fast development of TIs, the mountain regions are more prone to slope instability because of the alteration of surface hydrology by increasing runoff, road and ditch guided concentrated flow, rills and gully formation by reducing drainage area to cross the critical threshold limit. The plain regions are primarily facing the problem of fluvial (dis)connectivity because of the close proximity between river and transport networks and undersized causeways. For sustainable TIs development, factors like the practice of bio-engineering for roadside slope management, de-culverting, 100-year flood return for causeway construction, mapping of river corridors, road water harvesting should be incorporated for less effect on hillslope and fluvial geomorphology.

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Anthropogeomorphology of Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System in India

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of the Present State and Future Fate of River Saraswati, India: Water Quality Indices and Forecast Models as Diagnostic and Management Tools

Assessment of the Present State and Future Fate of River Saraswati, India: Water Quality Indices and Forecast Models as Diagnostic and Management Tools

Exploring the past to discern the present: The role of historico‐geographical study in differentiating natural river channels from artificial canals

Role of transportation infrastructures on the alteration of hillslope and fluvial geomorphology

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